【摘要】：為了應(yīng)對(duì)“臭氧層破壞”和“全球氣候變暖”兩大主要環(huán)境問(wèn)題,根據(jù)《蒙特利爾議定書》要求,目前在空調(diào)/熱泵領(lǐng)域廣泛使用的HCFCs制冷劑正在加速淘汰。發(fā)展零ODP、低GWP的環(huán)保制冷劑是制冷和暖通空調(diào)行業(yè)面臨的迫在眉睫的問(wèn)題。R32的ODP為零,GWP相對(duì)較低,且具有熱工性能優(yōu)良、循環(huán)性能高、價(jià)格便宜等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是空調(diào)熱泵領(lǐng)域一種重要的中長(zhǎng)期替代制冷劑。然而,R32較高的排氣溫度是限制其大規(guī)模應(yīng)用的主要問(wèn)題之一。因此,研究R32渦旋壓縮機(jī)排氣溫度控制方法對(duì)于推動(dòng)R32的替代和應(yīng)用有重要意義。本文對(duì)降低排氣溫度的三種主要方法,吸氣兩相、中間噴液和兩相噴射進(jìn)行了深入評(píng)價(jià)和研究。首先,建立了考慮渦旋壁溫度分布的渦旋壓縮機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)分布參數(shù)模型。在總結(jié)前人的熱力學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步分析了壓縮過(guò)程中渦旋壁導(dǎo)熱的物理過(guò)程,通過(guò)時(shí)間尺度上的分析將周期邊界條件轉(zhuǎn)化為穩(wěn)態(tài)邊界條件,從而將該過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)化為具有對(duì)流換熱邊界條件的一維穩(wěn)態(tài)導(dǎo)熱過(guò)程。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)修正和驗(yàn)證了該模型,結(jié)果表明該模型具備較高的精度。其次,基于驗(yàn)證的模型,深入分析了三種方法對(duì)壓縮過(guò)程內(nèi)部參數(shù)、排氣溫度、性能和壓縮機(jī)運(yùn)行范圍的影響,并進(jìn)一步探討了三種方法的系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。結(jié)果表明三種方法均能有效降低R32渦旋壓縮機(jī)排氣溫度,但對(duì)壓縮機(jī)的性能影響有所不同。兩相噴射能在降低排氣溫度的同時(shí),能顯著提升壓縮機(jī)的制冷量和COP,提出了單噴射支路和雙噴射支路兩種兩相噴射實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。然后,建立了可用于三種排氣溫度控制方法的R32渦旋壓縮機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步研究了三種方法在壓縮機(jī)和系統(tǒng)工況下的性能。結(jié)果表明,低壓腔壓縮機(jī)吸氣兩相時(shí)存在最低的實(shí)際吸氣干度;中間噴液時(shí)應(yīng)選用合適直徑的噴射通道避免液體被加熱汽化;兩相噴射在制冷和制熱工況下都展現(xiàn)了較大的性能優(yōu)勢(shì);采用三種技術(shù)后,系統(tǒng)的蒸發(fā)溫度和冷凝溫度發(fā)生了偏移,具體到兩相噴射,其蒸發(fā)溫度下降,冷凝溫度升高,且存在最優(yōu)噴射比。最后,通過(guò)模擬仿真研究了單噴射支路兩相噴射系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和控制方法。從壓縮機(jī)的角度指出了理想噴射點(diǎn),并通過(guò)優(yōu)化中間換熱器的大小和中間壓力的控制使得實(shí)際噴射點(diǎn)趨近理想噴射點(diǎn)。結(jié)果表明,兩相制冷劑噴射系統(tǒng)的中間換熱器面積存在合理范圍,而中間壓力可以根據(jù)排氣溫度來(lái)優(yōu)化控制。
[Abstract]:In order to deal with the two major environmental problems of "ozone layer destruction" and "global warming", HCFCs refrigerant, which is widely used in air conditioning / heat pump field, is being accelerated in accordance with the requirements of the Montreal Protocol. Developing zero GWP, low GWP environmental friendly refrigerant is an urgent problem faced by refrigeration and HVAC industry. R32 has the advantages of zero ODP, relatively low GWP, excellent thermal performance, high cycle performance and low price, and so on. It is an important medium-and long-term alternative refrigerant in the field of air-conditioning and heat pump. However, the high exhaust temperature of R 32 is one of the main problems limiting its large-scale application. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the exhaust temperature control method of R32 scroll compressor in order to promote the replacement and application of R32. In this paper, three main methods of reducing exhaust temperature, suction two-phase, intermediate liquid injection and two-phase injection, have been deeply evaluated and studied. Firstly, the dynamic distribution parameter model of scroll compressor considering the temperature distribution of vortex wall is established. On the basis of summarizing the previous thermodynamic model, the physical process of heat conduction of vortex wall in compression process is further analyzed, and the periodic boundary condition is transformed into steady state boundary condition by time scale analysis. Thus, the process is simplified to a one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction process with convective heat transfer boundary conditions. The model is modified and verified by experimental data. The results show that the model has high accuracy. Secondly, based on the verification model, the effects of the three methods on the internal parameters, exhaust temperature, performance and operating range of the compressor are deeply analyzed, and the system implementation methods of the three methods are further discussed. The results show that all the three methods can effectively reduce the exhaust temperature of the R32 scroll compressor, but have different effects on the performance of the compressor. The two-phase injection can not only reduce the exhaust temperature, but also significantly increase the cooling capacity of the compressor. COP, proposed two kinds of two-phase injection modes: single injection branch and double injection branch. Then, the R32 scroll compressor experimental bench, which can be used in three exhaust temperature control methods, is set up. The performance of the three methods under compressor and system conditions is further studied by experiments. The results show that the low pressure cavity compressor has the lowest actual suction dryness when the two phases are aspirated, and the proper diameter injection channel should be chosen to avoid the liquid vaporization when the liquid is injected in the middle of the compressor. The two-phase injection shows great performance advantage under both cooling and heating conditions. The evaporation temperature and condensation temperature of the system are shifted after three kinds of techniques. When two-phase injection is used, the evaporation temperature decreases, the condensation temperature increases, and there is an optimal injection ratio. Finally, the design and control method of two-phase injection system with single injection branch is studied by simulation. The ideal injection point is pointed out from the angle of compressor. By optimizing the size of the intermediate heat exchanger and the control of the intermediate pressure, the actual injection point approaches the ideal injection point. The results show that the area of the intermediate heat exchanger in the two-phase refrigerant injection system has a reasonable range, and the intermediate pressure can be optimized according to the exhaust temperature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU83

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