【摘要】：多年的快速城鎮(zhèn)化使我國大大小小的城市都有了很大發(fā)展,但同時也給城市帶來了揮之不去的諸多“病痛”:城市人口驟增、城市密度增大、交通擁堵、環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)惡化、空間雜亂、特色喪失等等。面對這些現(xiàn)代城市所出現(xiàn)的問題,“新城市主義”、“有機疏散論”、“衛(wèi)星城鎮(zhèn)理論”、“城市特色理論”和“拼貼城市理論”等等城市規(guī)劃和建筑學(xué)理論都指出:這是現(xiàn)代城市喪失了地域文化和傳統(tǒng)空間特色的緣故。因此,本文就是趕著新型城鎮(zhèn)化的腳步,試圖對陜北地區(qū)小城鎮(zhèn)空間特色進行深入的研究與總結(jié)。爭取為該地區(qū)今后的小城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)和發(fā)展做出一定貢獻。城鎮(zhèn)空間主要是由街、巷、院,這些最基本的元素構(gòu)成的。不論在國內(nèi)還是國外,過去還是現(xiàn)在,院落空間是城鎮(zhèn)的最小組成單元,他們的間隙就形成了人們進行公共活動的場所和進出院落的交通空間——街和巷。街道是城鎮(zhèn)空間的框架,巷道是對街道的補充與連接。同時,人們對一個城鎮(zhèn)空間的感知和認(rèn)識也是由這些細小之處開始的。威廉·懷特曾說:“街道存在的基本理由,就是它向人們提供了一個可以面對面接觸的中心場所�！彼哉f街巷不僅是物質(zhì)壞境的載體,也是人們生活的場所和舞臺,記錄著人們的生活和記憶。因此,作為城鎮(zhèn)的功能實體,和城鎮(zhèn)特色的重要表達窗口,對街、巷、院空間的深入研究就顯得格外重要。本文就是以此為著眼點進行研究的。文章分為六大部分。第一部分綜述了課題研究的背景及研究的目的和意義,確定了研究方法,并對相關(guān)的理論研究做了介紹。第二部分通過實例調(diào)研總結(jié)歸納出陜北地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)小城鎮(zhèn)街、巷、院的空間特色。并且論述了他們?nèi)咧g的關(guān)系。第三部分總結(jié)陜北地區(qū)小城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,同時探討現(xiàn)代社會城鎮(zhèn)居民對城鎮(zhèn)空間的需求,發(fā)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展過程中存在的問題。第四部分帶著前面理論研究的成果和案例分析中得到的實踐經(jīng)驗,對金延安項目進行了設(shè)計實踐。第五部分通過理論研究、案例分析和項目實踐完整的提出了傳承陜北地區(qū)小城鎮(zhèn)街巷院空間特色的原則與實踐措施。第六部分總結(jié)全文。
[Abstract]:The rapid urbanization for many years has made great progress in cities large and small in our country, but at the same time, it has also brought many lingering "ailments" to cities, such as a sudden increase in urban population, an increase in urban density, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and ecological deterioration. Spatial clutter, loss of features, and so on. Faced with the problems of these modern cities, "new urbanism", "organic evacuation theory", "satellite town theory", The theories of urban planning and architecture, such as "urban characteristic theory" and "collage city theory", all point out that this is the reason why modern cities have lost their regional culture and traditional spatial characteristics. Therefore, this article is to catch up with the pace of new urbanization, trying to study and summarize the spatial characteristics of small towns in Northern Shaanxi. To strive for the future construction and development of small towns in the region to make certain contributions. Urban space is mainly made up of streets, alleys and courtyard, which are the most basic elements. Whether at home or abroad, in the past or now, the courtyard space is the smallest component unit of the town. Their gap has formed the place where people carry out public activities and the traffic space in and out of the courtyard-streets and alleys. The street is the frame of the town space, the roadway is the supplement and the connection to the street. At the same time, people's perception and understanding of a town's space start from these little places. William White once said: "the basic reason the street exists is that it provides a central place for people to meet face-to-face." Therefore, street is not only the carrier of material environment, but also the place and stage of people's life, recording people's life and memory. Therefore, as the functional entity of the town, and the important expression window of the characteristics of the town, the further study of the space between the street, the alley and the hospital is particularly important. This is the focus of this study. The article is divided into six parts. The first part summarizes the background, purpose and significance of the research, determines the research methods, and introduces the related theoretical research. The second part summarizes the spatial characteristics of the traditional small town streets, alleys and hospitals in northern Shaanxi. And discussed the relationship between them. The third part summarizes the current situation of the development of small towns in northern Shaanxi, and probes into the demand of urban space for urban residents in modern society, and finds out the problems existing in the process of urban development. The fourth part has carried on the design practice to the Jin Yan'an project with the previous theoretical research achievement and the practical experience obtained in the case analysis. The fifth part puts forward the principles and practical measures of inheriting the spatial characteristics of small towns in northern Shaanxi through theoretical research, case analysis and project practice. The sixth part summarizes the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU984

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