基于新興信息技術的建設項目知識管理研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-30 17:59
【摘要】：伴隨著知識經(jīng)濟時代的到來與不斷興起,知識管理作為現(xiàn)代項目管理的重要組成內(nèi)容,吸引了越來越多的關注。而與此同時我國建筑業(yè)快速發(fā)展,各種超大規(guī)模建設項目層出不窮,其涉及的內(nèi)容和參與方越來越多,對施工技術相關要求也越來越高,目前建設項目所采用的常規(guī)管理模式不斷地暴露出其易于造成項目全生命周期內(nèi)各個階段與環(huán)節(jié)相互割裂的弊端。項目實施與管理人員在項目實施過程中積累的豐富的經(jīng)驗和體會等隱性知識也很難在今后的項目組織中進行廣泛的傳播,其往往隨著時間的流失與組織的解散而受到損失。目前理論界對于將知識管理的理念融入到建設項目的管理體系中去進行了較為深入的研究,將知識管理與建設項目知識管理進行結合可以協(xié)助組織持續(xù)改進流程、減少重復性工作、共享項目優(yōu)化實施方案以及產(chǎn)生新技術和新服務。但是由于建設項目獨有的特征,兩者結合實施的成功案例較少。本文立足于建設項目知識管理的現(xiàn)狀,結合建設項目各階段知識及知識管理的特點,運用以物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、BIM、普適計算及4D可視化等為代表的現(xiàn)代新興信息技術實現(xiàn)知識管理過程中知識獲取與發(fā)現(xiàn)、知識存儲與集成、知識推送與培訓、知識搜尋與使用、知識交流與創(chuàng)新的知識流循環(huán)過程,提出了以現(xiàn)代新興信息技術輔助建設項目各階段知識管理的實施、提高建設項目知識管理水平的技術方案。作為與建設項目實施知識管理聯(lián)系最緊密的技術,BIM技術可以協(xié)助建立完整的建設項目知識信息庫,為項目提供項目的數(shù)據(jù)化模型。BIM與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)進行集成后,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)將BIM提供的知識數(shù)據(jù)庫中的數(shù)據(jù)進行記錄并以網(wǎng)絡的形式進行互聯(lián)。普適計算上下文感知可以使建設項目知識管理建立的信息模型具備更為強大的計算能力,從而實現(xiàn)普適、協(xié)同和智能的建設項目知識管理。4D可視化技術的存在則有效地彌補了建設項目知識管理難以進行直觀化監(jiān)控的缺陷。本論文通過將四種新興信息技術進行集成與融合,為建設項目知識管理提供了扎實的技術保障,提高了建設項目知識管理的水平和效率,保證知識的獲取、存儲、交流和使用,從而將知識有效的作用于實際的生產(chǎn)實踐,為建筑企業(yè)提供一套具有較強可操作性的、比較完善的知識管理實施方案。但是本文研究作為理論分析與實踐模擬,未來還需要更多的實踐項目進行驗證。
[Abstract]:With the coming and rising of knowledge economy era, knowledge management, as an important part of modern project management, has attracted more and more attention. At the same time, with the rapid development of construction industry in our country, a variety of super-large scale construction projects emerge in endlessly, which involves more and more contents and participants, and requires more and more construction technology. At present, the conventional management mode used in the construction project has exposed the disadvantages that it is easy to separate the stages and links in the whole life cycle of the project. The tacit knowledge accumulated by project implementation and managers in the process of project implementation is also difficult to be widely disseminated in the future project organization, which is often lost with the loss of time and the dissolution of the organization. At present, the theory circle has carried on the comparatively thorough research to integrate the knowledge management idea into the construction project management system. The combination of the knowledge management and the construction project knowledge management can help the organization to improve the process continuously. Reduce duplication, share project optimizations, and generate new technologies and services. However, due to the unique characteristics of the construction project, the combination of the two is less successful. This paper is based on the current situation of knowledge management in construction projects, combined with the characteristics of knowledge and knowledge management in various stages of construction projects, using the Internet of things, BIM, Pervasive computing and 4D visualization represent the realization of knowledge acquisition and discovery, knowledge storage and integration, knowledge push and training, knowledge search and use in the process of knowledge management. In the process of knowledge flow cycle of knowledge exchange and innovation, this paper puts forward a technical scheme to improve the level of knowledge management in construction projects by using modern emerging information technology to assist the implementation of knowledge management in each stage of construction projects. As the most closely related technology to the implementation of knowledge management in construction projects, BIM technology can help to establish a complete knowledge information base of construction projects and provide a project data model for the project. After the integration of BIM and the Internet of things, The Internet of things records the data in the knowledge database provided by BIM and interconnects in the form of a network. Pervasive computing context awareness can make the information model set up by building project knowledge management have more powerful computing ability, thus realizing universality. The existence of 4D visualization technology can effectively make up for the defects of the construction project knowledge management which is difficult to monitor directly. Through the integration and integration of four new information technologies, this paper provides a solid technical guarantee for the construction project knowledge management, improves the level and efficiency of the construction project knowledge management, and ensures the acquisition, storage, exchange and use of knowledge. Thus, the knowledge can be used effectively in the actual production practice to provide a set of more operable and more perfect implementation scheme of knowledge management for the construction enterprises. However, as theoretical analysis and practical simulation, more practical projects are needed in the future.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU712
本文編號：2300754
[Abstract]:With the coming and rising of knowledge economy era, knowledge management, as an important part of modern project management, has attracted more and more attention. At the same time, with the rapid development of construction industry in our country, a variety of super-large scale construction projects emerge in endlessly, which involves more and more contents and participants, and requires more and more construction technology. At present, the conventional management mode used in the construction project has exposed the disadvantages that it is easy to separate the stages and links in the whole life cycle of the project. The tacit knowledge accumulated by project implementation and managers in the process of project implementation is also difficult to be widely disseminated in the future project organization, which is often lost with the loss of time and the dissolution of the organization. At present, the theory circle has carried on the comparatively thorough research to integrate the knowledge management idea into the construction project management system. The combination of the knowledge management and the construction project knowledge management can help the organization to improve the process continuously. Reduce duplication, share project optimizations, and generate new technologies and services. However, due to the unique characteristics of the construction project, the combination of the two is less successful. This paper is based on the current situation of knowledge management in construction projects, combined with the characteristics of knowledge and knowledge management in various stages of construction projects, using the Internet of things, BIM, Pervasive computing and 4D visualization represent the realization of knowledge acquisition and discovery, knowledge storage and integration, knowledge push and training, knowledge search and use in the process of knowledge management. In the process of knowledge flow cycle of knowledge exchange and innovation, this paper puts forward a technical scheme to improve the level of knowledge management in construction projects by using modern emerging information technology to assist the implementation of knowledge management in each stage of construction projects. As the most closely related technology to the implementation of knowledge management in construction projects, BIM technology can help to establish a complete knowledge information base of construction projects and provide a project data model for the project. After the integration of BIM and the Internet of things, The Internet of things records the data in the knowledge database provided by BIM and interconnects in the form of a network. Pervasive computing context awareness can make the information model set up by building project knowledge management have more powerful computing ability, thus realizing universality. The existence of 4D visualization technology can effectively make up for the defects of the construction project knowledge management which is difficult to monitor directly. Through the integration and integration of four new information technologies, this paper provides a solid technical guarantee for the construction project knowledge management, improves the level and efficiency of the construction project knowledge management, and ensures the acquisition, storage, exchange and use of knowledge. Thus, the knowledge can be used effectively in the actual production practice to provide a set of more operable and more perfect implementation scheme of knowledge management for the construction enterprises. However, as theoretical analysis and practical simulation, more practical projects are needed in the future.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU712
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