發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-12 08:50

【摘要】：我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃編制體系中,城市總體規(guī)劃層面對(duì)應(yīng)有專(zhuān)項(xiàng)的城市綜合交通規(guī)劃,修建性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃階段則有建設(shè)項(xiàng)目交通影響評(píng)價(jià),反映出城市規(guī)劃對(duì)交通與土地利用協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的重視,而在控制性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃中卻尚未有明確的交通規(guī)劃要求,導(dǎo)致城市綜合交通規(guī)劃無(wú)法分解落實(shí)、建設(shè)項(xiàng)目交通影響評(píng)價(jià)難以有效實(shí)施,城市開(kāi)發(fā)所帶來(lái)的交通問(wèn)題依然嚴(yán)峻。為協(xié)調(diào)交通與土地利用之間的關(guān)系,建設(shè)項(xiàng)目交通影響評(píng)價(jià)逐漸為城市管理者所重視,一定程度上緩解了交通擁堵,同時(shí)也顯現(xiàn)出諸多問(wèn)題。首先,建設(shè)項(xiàng)目交通影響評(píng)價(jià)處于修建性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃階段,面對(duì)上位具有法定地位的控制性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃其評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果對(duì)土地開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度的反饋?zhàn)饔檬艿较拗疲黄浯?作為建設(shè)項(xiàng)目交通影響評(píng)價(jià)的委托方,開(kāi)發(fā)商常常想方設(shè)法迫使交通影響評(píng)價(jià)通過(guò),導(dǎo)致交通影響評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制形同虛設(shè)；第三,城市交通錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,建設(shè)項(xiàng)目交通影響評(píng)價(jià)僅從微觀層面推進(jìn)難以從全局角度把握實(shí)際交通影響。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本文提出在控規(guī)中進(jìn)行路網(wǎng)承載力與容積率互動(dòng)反饋研究的應(yīng)對(duì)思路,將傳統(tǒng)交通規(guī)劃的核心內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵技術(shù)引入控規(guī)編制過(guò)程,在土地利用規(guī)劃基礎(chǔ)上平衡交通供需關(guān)系,促使土地開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度與路網(wǎng)容量相適應(yīng)。通過(guò)對(duì)各類(lèi)交通方式特征的研究,選取對(duì)路網(wǎng)擁擠程度最為敏感的小汽車(chē)交通作為研究對(duì)象,以小汽車(chē)出行生成率建立路網(wǎng)承載力與容積率之間的量化關(guān)系。根據(jù)背景交通流特征的不同,將控規(guī)編制對(duì)象劃分為城市新開(kāi)發(fā)片區(qū)與舊城更新片區(qū),并基于OD反推法與交通需求預(yù)測(cè)“四階段”法分別給出了路網(wǎng)承載力與容積率互動(dòng)反饋的研究方法。對(duì)于城市新開(kāi)發(fā)片區(qū),其研究思路是利用OD反推法以土地利用規(guī)劃初步方案為依據(jù),將規(guī)劃路網(wǎng)所能承載的最大小汽車(chē)交通量逆向反饋至各規(guī)劃地塊中,通過(guò)小汽車(chē)出行生成率反推出各地塊允許的最大容積率,并給出了不合理容積率的調(diào)整方法,從而為控規(guī)編制中容積率確定提供輔助依據(jù)；對(duì)于舊城更新片區(qū),其研究思路借鑒了交通影響評(píng)價(jià)的核心理念,主要通過(guò)交通規(guī)劃“四階段”法對(duì)已初步確定各地塊容積率指標(biāo)的土地利用規(guī)劃方案進(jìn)行交通需求預(yù)測(cè),將生成的小汽車(chē)交通量正向反饋給規(guī)劃路網(wǎng),通過(guò)路網(wǎng)負(fù)荷水平判斷規(guī)劃初步確定的容積率指標(biāo)是否合理,同樣也給出了不合理容積率的調(diào)整方法。兩種研究方法中,前者是由路網(wǎng)承載力至地塊容積率的逆向反饋過(guò)程,后者則是由地塊容積率到路網(wǎng)承載力的正向反饋過(guò)程,兩者均在不合理容積率的調(diào)整過(guò)程中實(shí)現(xiàn)了路網(wǎng)承載力與容積率之間的雙向互動(dòng)反饋。通過(guò)對(duì)路網(wǎng)承載力與容積率進(jìn)行互動(dòng)反饋研究,一方面將交通規(guī)劃技術(shù)引入控規(guī)編制過(guò)程,從交通供需平衡角度實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)控規(guī)土地開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度的有效控制,為容積率指標(biāo)確定提供了技術(shù)支撐；另一方面促進(jìn)了城市綜合交通規(guī)劃與建設(shè)項(xiàng)目交通影響評(píng)價(jià)的平穩(wěn)銜接,使控規(guī)承上啟下的作用充分發(fā)揮,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)交通與土地利用的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,有效應(yīng)對(duì)城市交通問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:In the compilation system of urban and rural planning in China, the level of urban master planning corresponds to the special urban comprehensive transportation planning, while the stage of constructive detailed planning has the traffic impact assessment of construction projects, which reflects the importance of urban planning to the coordinated development of transportation and land use, but there is no clear traffic planning in the regulatory detailed planning. In order to coordinate the relationship between traffic and land use, the traffic impact assessment of construction projects has gradually been taken seriously by urban managers, and to some extent, traffic congestion has been alleviated. At the same time, there are many problems. Firstly, the traffic impact assessment of construction projects is in the stage of constructive detailed planning, and the feedback effect of the evaluation results on the intensity of land development is limited in the face of the regulatory detailed planning with statutory status. Secondly, as the principal of the traffic impact assessment of construction projects, developers often think of ways to solve these problems. It is difficult to grasp the actual traffic impact from the overall point of view because of the complexity of urban traffic and the complexity of the traffic impact assessment of construction projects. This paper introduces the core content and key technology of traditional traffic planning into the planning process of traffic control, balances the relationship between traffic supply and demand on the basis of land use planning, and urges the intensity of land development to adapt to the capacity of road network. Traffic is taken as the research object, and the quantitative relationship between road network carrying capacity and volume ratio is established based on the car trip generation rate. According to the different characteristics of background traffic flow, the planning object is divided into new urban development area and old urban renewal area, and the road network is given based on OD back-stepping method and "four-stage" method of traffic demand forecast. The research method of interactive feedback between carrying capacity and volume ratio. For new urban development area, the research idea is to use OD back-stepping method based on the preliminary plan of land use planning, to feedback the maximum car traffic that can be carried by the planned road network back to each planned land block, and to deduce the permission of each block by car trip generation rate. The maximum volume ratio and the adjustment method of unreasonable volume ratio are given, which can provide auxiliary basis for determining the volume ratio in the compilation of control plan. For the old city renewal area, its research ideas draw lessons from the core concept of traffic impact assessment, mainly through the traffic planning "four stages" method to have initially determined the volume ratio of each block of soil index. In this paper, the traffic demand is forecasted by using the planning scheme, and the generated traffic volume is fed back to the planned road network. Through the load level of the road network, the rationality of the preliminary planned volume ratio index is judged, and the adjustment method of the unreasonable volume ratio is also given. The latter is a positive feedback process from the plot rate to the bearing capacity of the road network, both of which realize the bidirectional interactive feedback between the bearing capacity of the road network and the volume rate during the adjustment of the unreasonable volume rate. This paper introduces the compilation process of traffic control plan, realizes the effective control of land development intensity from the angle of traffic supply and demand balance, and provides technical support for the determination of volume ratio index; on the other hand, it promotes the smooth connection between urban comprehensive traffic planning and traffic impact assessment of construction projects, and makes the role of traffic control rules play a full role from the beginning to the next, and finally realizes it. The coordinated development of transportation and land use can effectively cope with urban traffic problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU984.191

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