【摘要】：隨著城市軌道交通系統(tǒng),尤其是地鐵的大規(guī)模建設(shè),城市軌道交通系統(tǒng)的安全問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為重中之重。地鐵系統(tǒng)要在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的運(yùn)行周期內(nèi)保證安全,就必須具有良好的抗震性能。對(duì)于地下結(jié)構(gòu)抗震問(wèn)題,模型試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值計(jì)算是必不可少的兩種手段,合理且簡(jiǎn)便的抗震設(shè)計(jì)方法是研究所要達(dá)到的目標(biāo),而地下結(jié)構(gòu)周圍土體材料的非線性動(dòng)力本構(gòu)模型是研究中的難點(diǎn)。本文對(duì)地下結(jié)構(gòu)的地震反應(yīng)規(guī)律和抗震設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行了深入研究,取得了如下研究成果:(1)土的本構(gòu)模型。根據(jù)Hardin和Drnevich提出的土體動(dòng)應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變關(guān)系曲線以及其在非等幅往返荷載作用下的Pyke修正,結(jié)合Dafilias和Popov等人提出的邊界面理論,構(gòu)造了基于Hardin曲線的土體邊界面本構(gòu)模型,并在ADINA中利用自定義材料的二次開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)現(xiàn)了該本構(gòu)模型。(2)二維有限元?jiǎng)恿τ?jì)算。采用Opensees對(duì)飽和砂土場(chǎng)地的地震反應(yīng)進(jìn)行了非線性動(dòng)力有限元分析,并通過(guò)改變土性、地震動(dòng)幅值、持時(shí)、頻率等因素后數(shù)值模擬的對(duì)比,分析了各因素對(duì)可液化場(chǎng)地地震反應(yīng)的影響;然后對(duì)飽和砂土中帶中柱箱型隧道的地震反應(yīng)進(jìn)行了輸入不同幅值地震動(dòng)時(shí)的動(dòng)力計(jì)算,分析了場(chǎng)地和結(jié)構(gòu)的加速度反應(yīng)及其頻譜特性、場(chǎng)地的永久變形、隧道的變形和位移、以及隧道的內(nèi)力分布,揭示了可液化土層中箱型隧道的地震反應(yīng)規(guī)律和震害機(jī)理。(3)飽和砂土中地下結(jié)構(gòu)地震反應(yīng)振動(dòng)臺(tái)試驗(yàn)。完成了飽和砂土中地下結(jié)構(gòu)地震反應(yīng)的振動(dòng)臺(tái)試驗(yàn),從孔壓、土層加速度、土層頻譜、地下結(jié)構(gòu)加速度、地下結(jié)構(gòu)頻譜、動(dòng)土壓力和地下結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)變等方面分析了試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,并觀測(cè)了宏觀的試驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象,分析了飽和砂土場(chǎng)地以及其中埋置的地下結(jié)構(gòu)的地震反應(yīng)規(guī)律。(4)三維有限元?jiǎng)恿τ?jì)算。在Opensees計(jì)算平臺(tái)中建立了穿過(guò)飽和砂土和粘土分界面箱型隧道的三維有限元模型并且進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力數(shù)值計(jì)算,對(duì)比分析了分界面兩側(cè)的土層和隧道的地震反應(yīng),此外,亦分析了沿隧道縱向地表豎向位移、隧道變形和隧道內(nèi)力的分布,揭示了飽和砂土和粘土對(duì)隧道地震反應(yīng)的不同作用,探索了穿過(guò)飽和砂土和粘土分界面的箱型隧道的地震反應(yīng)規(guī)律和震害機(jī)理,對(duì)實(shí)際工程建設(shè)中此類隧道的抗震研究具有重要意義。(5)地下結(jié)構(gòu)橫截面抗震設(shè)計(jì)方法。詳細(xì)介紹了反應(yīng)位移法的原理和具體內(nèi)容,以動(dòng)力時(shí)程計(jì)算的結(jié)果作為參照,比較了幾種地基彈簧參數(shù)取值方法計(jì)算結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性;然后在反應(yīng)位移法的基礎(chǔ)上提出了大震下地基彈簧參數(shù)取值的非線性修正,并對(duì)其計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證;最后又依據(jù)地基彈簧參數(shù)取值的非線性修正,進(jìn)而提出了基于反應(yīng)位移法的地下結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化pushover分析方法,并根據(jù)一具體算例對(duì)其計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。(6)地鐵隧道縱向抗震設(shè)計(jì)方法。介紹了幾種常見(jiàn)的隧道縱向抗震設(shè)計(jì)方法,例如,BART法、質(zhì)點(diǎn)-彈簧模型法和反應(yīng)變位法等;然后將樁-土相互作用的p-y曲線彈簧引入到了地鐵隧道的縱向抗震設(shè)計(jì)中,建立了超長(zhǎng)隧道-地基土相互作用的p-y彈簧模型,并且通過(guò)對(duì)該模型的Pushover分析給出了地鐵隧道的一種縱向彈塑性設(shè)計(jì)方法;最后通過(guò)多點(diǎn)激勵(lì)對(duì)超長(zhǎng)隧道-地基土相互作用的p-y彈簧模型進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力數(shù)值計(jì)算,得到了隧道縱向內(nèi)力和變形的一些規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:With the large-scale construction of urban rail transit system, especially the subway, the safety of urban rail transit system has become a top priority. To ensure the safety of subway system in a long period of operation, it is necessary to have good seismic performance. In this paper, the seismic response law and seismic design method of underground structures are studied deeply, and the following research results are obtained: (1) soil constitutive model Based on the dynamic stress-strain curves proposed by Hardin and Drnevich and Pyke correction under non-uniform amplitude cyclic loading, and the boundary surface theory proposed by Dafilias and Popov, a constitutive model of soil boundary surface based on Hardin curves is constructed, which is realized by the secondary development of self-defined materials in ADINA. Constitutive model. (2) Two-dimensional finite element dynamic calculation. The seismic response of saturated sandy soil site is analyzed by nonlinear dynamic finite element method with Opensees, and the influence of various factors on seismic response of liquefiable site is analyzed by comparing the numerical simulation of soil properties, amplitude of ground motion, duration, frequency and other factors. The seismic response of box-type tunnel with middle column is calculated under different amplitudes of ground motion. The acceleration response and its spectrum characteristics of site and structure, permanent deformation of site, deformation and displacement of tunnel, and internal force distribution of tunnel are analyzed. The seismic response law and seismic damage of box-type tunnel in liquefiable soil are revealed. (3) Shaking table test of underground structure seismic response in saturated sand. The shaking table test of underground structure seismic response in saturated sand is completed. The test results are analyzed from pore pressure, soil acceleration, soil spectrum, underground structure acceleration, underground structure spectrum, dynamic earth pressure and underground structure strain, and macroscopic observation is made. (4) Three-dimensional finite element dynamic calculation. A three-dimensional finite element model of a box-shaped tunnel crossing the interface between saturated sand and clay is established on the Opensees platform, and the dynamic numerical calculation is carried out. In addition, the vertical displacement along the longitudinal surface of the tunnel, the deformation of the tunnel and the distribution of the internal force of the tunnel are analyzed. The different effects of saturated sand and clay on the seismic response of the tunnel are revealed. The seismic response law and damage mechanism of the box-shaped tunnel crossing the interface between saturated sand and clay are explored. It is of great significance to study the seismic behavior of such tunnels in engineering construction. (5) Seismic design method for cross section of underground structures. The principle and concrete contents of the reactive displacement method are introduced in detail. The accuracy of the calculation results of several methods for selecting parameters of foundation spring is compared with the results of dynamic time history calculation. On the basis of this, the nonlinear correction of the parameters of the foundation spring under large earthquakes is put forward, and the calculation results are verified. Finally, according to the nonlinear correction of the parameters of the foundation spring, a simplified pushover analysis method for the underground structure based on the response displacement method is proposed, and its calculation results are verified by a specific example. (6) Longitudinal seismic design method of subway tunnel. Several common longitudinal seismic design methods are introduced, such as BART method, mass-spring model method and reaction displacement method, etc. Then the p-y curve spring of pile-soil interaction is introduced into the longitudinal seismic design of subway tunnel, and the interaction between super-long tunnel and foundation soil is established. A longitudinal elastic-plastic design method of subway tunnel is given by Pushover analysis of the p-y spring model. Finally, the p-y spring model of interaction between super-long tunnel and foundation soil is calculated by multi-point excitation, and some laws of longitudinal internal force and deformation of tunnel are obtained.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)地震局工程力學(xué)研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：TU93;TU352.11

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