基于優(yōu)化算法的參數(shù)化建筑設(shè)計(jì)探究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-27 08:48
【摘要】：我們生活的這個(gè)年代,正是電子、計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展,再一次改變世界的時(shí)候。電子商務(wù)、移動(dòng)計(jì)算及物聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在改變著人們的生活方式,使很多行業(yè)重新洗牌。建筑行業(yè)身處這樣的大潮中應(yīng)該如何?通常來(lái)說(shuō),建筑學(xué)的發(fā)展通常會(huì)滯后于其他學(xué)科,每一次的設(shè)計(jì)革命都是在其他相關(guān)思想及技術(shù)做好充分準(zhǔn)備后才爆發(fā)的。過(guò)去一次計(jì)算機(jī)的技術(shù)革命使建筑師從尺規(guī)紙筆中解放出來(lái),現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的技術(shù)革命則正在改變建筑師與社會(huì)對(duì)接的方式一一許多人用眾籌資金發(fā)起自建房項(xiàng)目,但是這樣的改變還不夠�；氐皆O(shè)計(jì)本身,計(jì)算機(jī)和軟件的進(jìn)步降低了技術(shù)的使用門檻,使得普通建筑師也能解決一定程度的復(fù)雜設(shè)計(jì)問題。參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)在其他行業(yè)應(yīng)用已久后,終于來(lái)到了建筑師手中。目前,這種方法處于建筑設(shè)計(jì)的最前沿。除了技術(shù)因素,當(dāng)代的美學(xué)、哲學(xué)和社會(huì)思想也相比前現(xiàn)代時(shí)期發(fā)生了巨大的變化。啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)后的第一次工業(yè)革命開啟了現(xiàn)代的開端,彼時(shí)的世界是以霸主日不落帝國(guó)為中心的單極化世界,科學(xué)理性的思維占據(jù)主流地位,隨之而來(lái)的先鋒派建筑也反映了社會(huì)的工具理性。當(dāng)代世界格局已經(jīng)日趨多級(jí)化,思想也趨于多元化、去中心化,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)并不能很好的解釋一些混沌復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象。建筑作為社會(huì)的櫥窗,應(yīng)該反映和體現(xiàn)社會(huì)的復(fù)雜性。參數(shù)化建筑作為當(dāng)前建筑發(fā)展的排頭兵,不僅僅可以用來(lái)作為展示社會(huì)發(fā)展特性的櫥窗,還應(yīng)該向更科學(xué)合理的方向發(fā)展、引領(lǐng)建筑發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),適應(yīng)時(shí)代可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求。參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)作為一種強(qiáng)調(diào)邏輯和理性的算法生成建模設(shè)計(jì)方法,給建筑設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)了強(qiáng)烈的科學(xué)性。然而,當(dāng)前的參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)還不十分成熟,國(guó)人對(duì)于參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)的認(rèn)識(shí),多停留在表皮設(shè)計(jì)的層次。如何使參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)真正為建筑師所用,幫助建筑師在方案建模階段科學(xué)、合理地構(gòu)思方案,是本文探討的主要內(nèi)容。這里的科學(xué)、合理,筆者在本文中的定義是參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合建筑物理、結(jié)構(gòu)性能的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合建筑物理、結(jié)構(gòu)性能的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),必須借助當(dāng)前強(qiáng)有力的計(jì)算機(jī)平臺(tái)優(yōu)化算法,主要是遺傳算法。本文首先探索了遺傳算法在參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)平臺(tái)中的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程和優(yōu)化計(jì)算的特點(diǎn),進(jìn)而用該案例總結(jié)出來(lái)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),用當(dāng)前經(jīng)典的參數(shù)化建筑案例來(lái)驗(yàn)證這一套方法。筆者將這些案例重新建模、分析、評(píng)估和優(yōu)化,通過(guò)優(yōu)化前后的對(duì)比分析驗(yàn)證這個(gè)參數(shù)化優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)平臺(tái)的實(shí)用性,最終得出有效的結(jié)論。最后作為全文的升華,筆者總結(jié)了解決預(yù)制模塊對(duì)特定性能分析結(jié)果的適配(比如開窗)優(yōu)化問題的數(shù)學(xué)模型,模型基于成熟的概率論與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué),是科學(xué)而可靠的,使本文提出的優(yōu)化方法具有了普遍適應(yīng)性。
[Abstract]:We live in a time when electronics, computers and networks are booming and changing the world again. E-commerce, mobile computing and the Internet of things are changing the way people live, reshuffling many industries. What should the construction industry do in such a tide? In general, architecture often lags behind other disciplines, and every design revolution takes place after other related ideas and technologies are well prepared. In the past, a computer technology revolution freed architects from rules and pens, and now the technological revolution in the Internet is changing the way architects connect with society-many people use crowdfunding to start self-built housing projects. But such a change is not enough. Back to design itself, advances in computers and software have lowered the barriers to technology, enabling ordinary architects to solve a certain degree of complex design problems. Parametric design has been used in other industries for a long time, and finally came to the hands of the architect. At present, this method is at the forefront of architectural design. In addition to technical factors, contemporary aesthetics, philosophy and social thought have undergone great changes compared with the pre-modern period. The first industrial revolution after the Enlightenment started the modern era. At that time, the world was a unipolar world centered on the dominant empire, and scientific and rational thinking dominated the mainstream. The following avant-garde architecture also reflects the instrumental rationality of society. The contemporary world pattern has become more and more multilevel, the thought also tends to be diversified, decentralization, people find that the traditional science can not explain some chaotic and complex phenomena well. Architecture as a social window, should reflect and reflect the complexity of society. As the vanguard of the current architectural development, parameterized architecture can not only be used as a window to display the characteristics of social development, but also should be developed in a more scientific and reasonable direction, leading the trend of architectural development and adapting to the requirements of the sustainable development of the times. Parameterized design, as a method of modeling and modeling, which emphasizes logic and rationality, brings a strong scientific nature to architectural design. However, the current parametric design is not very mature, the Chinese people for parametric design, mostly stay in the layer of skin design. How to make the parameterized design really used by the architect and help the architect to conceive the scheme scientifically and reasonably in the stage of scheme modeling is the main content of this paper. The definition in this paper is parametric design combined with architectural physics and structural performance optimization design. In order to realize the optimal design of parametric design combined with architectural physics and structural performance, it is necessary to use the powerful computer platform optimization algorithm, mainly genetic algorithm. This paper first explores the realization process of genetic algorithm in the parameterized design platform and the characteristics of optimization calculation, and then uses the experience summed up by this case to verify this method with the classical parameterized building case. The author remodels, analyzes, evaluates and optimizes these cases, and verifies the practicability of the parameterized optimization design platform through comparative analysis before and after optimization, and finally draws an effective conclusion. Finally, as the sublimation of the full text, the author summarizes the mathematical model to solve the optimization problem of the prefabricated modules for specific performance analysis results (such as window opening). The model is scientific and reliable based on mature probability theory and mathematical statistics. The optimization method proposed in this paper has universal adaptability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU201
本文編號(hào)：2206728
[Abstract]:We live in a time when electronics, computers and networks are booming and changing the world again. E-commerce, mobile computing and the Internet of things are changing the way people live, reshuffling many industries. What should the construction industry do in such a tide? In general, architecture often lags behind other disciplines, and every design revolution takes place after other related ideas and technologies are well prepared. In the past, a computer technology revolution freed architects from rules and pens, and now the technological revolution in the Internet is changing the way architects connect with society-many people use crowdfunding to start self-built housing projects. But such a change is not enough. Back to design itself, advances in computers and software have lowered the barriers to technology, enabling ordinary architects to solve a certain degree of complex design problems. Parametric design has been used in other industries for a long time, and finally came to the hands of the architect. At present, this method is at the forefront of architectural design. In addition to technical factors, contemporary aesthetics, philosophy and social thought have undergone great changes compared with the pre-modern period. The first industrial revolution after the Enlightenment started the modern era. At that time, the world was a unipolar world centered on the dominant empire, and scientific and rational thinking dominated the mainstream. The following avant-garde architecture also reflects the instrumental rationality of society. The contemporary world pattern has become more and more multilevel, the thought also tends to be diversified, decentralization, people find that the traditional science can not explain some chaotic and complex phenomena well. Architecture as a social window, should reflect and reflect the complexity of society. As the vanguard of the current architectural development, parameterized architecture can not only be used as a window to display the characteristics of social development, but also should be developed in a more scientific and reasonable direction, leading the trend of architectural development and adapting to the requirements of the sustainable development of the times. Parameterized design, as a method of modeling and modeling, which emphasizes logic and rationality, brings a strong scientific nature to architectural design. However, the current parametric design is not very mature, the Chinese people for parametric design, mostly stay in the layer of skin design. How to make the parameterized design really used by the architect and help the architect to conceive the scheme scientifically and reasonably in the stage of scheme modeling is the main content of this paper. The definition in this paper is parametric design combined with architectural physics and structural performance optimization design. In order to realize the optimal design of parametric design combined with architectural physics and structural performance, it is necessary to use the powerful computer platform optimization algorithm, mainly genetic algorithm. This paper first explores the realization process of genetic algorithm in the parameterized design platform and the characteristics of optimization calculation, and then uses the experience summed up by this case to verify this method with the classical parameterized building case. The author remodels, analyzes, evaluates and optimizes these cases, and verifies the practicability of the parameterized optimization design platform through comparative analysis before and after optimization, and finally draws an effective conclusion. Finally, as the sublimation of the full text, the author summarizes the mathematical model to solve the optimization problem of the prefabricated modules for specific performance analysis results (such as window opening). The model is scientific and reliable based on mature probability theory and mathematical statistics. The optimization method proposed in this paper has universal adaptability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU201
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，本文編號(hào)：2206728
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