本文選題：行人動(dòng)力學(xué) + 人員疏散　； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展及人口的增長(zhǎng),人員密集公共建筑如影劇場(chǎng)館、體育場(chǎng)館及旅游景點(diǎn)建筑等得到迅速發(fā)展,然而這類(lèi)建筑內(nèi)往往會(huì)有大量人員集聚,因而在火災(zāi)等危急情況下如何能夠安全高效的開(kāi)展人群疏散已成為近些年來(lái)研究者關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)課題。由于建筑樓梯作為主要疏散通道具有其特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)特性,針對(duì)人員通過(guò)建筑樓梯疏散過(guò)程的行為特性開(kāi)展研究顯得及其重要。 本文主要對(duì)建筑樓梯區(qū)域內(nèi)人員運(yùn)動(dòng)及疏散特性開(kāi)展研究,詳細(xì)分析總結(jié)建筑樓梯內(nèi)人員行為特性、擁擠狀態(tài)、行人流動(dòng)及樓梯間匯流行為,旨在為建筑樓梯的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)及緊急情況下的人群管理提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐及科學(xué)建議。 首先在校園和景區(qū)不同樓梯區(qū)域內(nèi)開(kāi)展觀測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)以獲取建筑樓梯區(qū)域人員基本運(yùn)動(dòng)特性。針對(duì)校園樓梯區(qū)域內(nèi)人員運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程,采用人工處理的方法獲取基本數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)而采用方差分析及獨(dú)立樣本T檢驗(yàn)對(duì)影響人員自由運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的因素進(jìn)行分析；實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：觀測(cè)樓梯、人員性別及群組因素對(duì)人員自由運(yùn)動(dòng)速度有顯著影響,其中群組是三個(gè)因素中影響最大的因素；此外性別與群組對(duì)人員自由運(yùn)動(dòng)速度有交互作用,即性別在人員不存在群組情況下對(duì)人員運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的影響要大于存在群組情況下對(duì)人員運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的影響,而存在群組對(duì)男性自由運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的影響要大于對(duì)女性自由運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的影響。對(duì)于景區(qū)樓梯區(qū)域內(nèi)人員運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程,依據(jù)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)人員基本運(yùn)動(dòng)行為、人員統(tǒng)計(jì)信息、人員到達(dá)時(shí)間間隔與速度分布以及人員速度密度關(guān)系等進(jìn)行分析研究。基于對(duì)景區(qū)樓梯區(qū)域內(nèi)人員運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程的觀測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)人員在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中的幾種典型行為,如并排行走、繞行、避讓、停留拍照、同向跟隨及反向分層等；人員到達(dá)時(shí)間間隔概率隨人員到達(dá)時(shí)間間隔的增加呈下降趨勢(shì),通過(guò)擬合可得到人員到達(dá)時(shí)間間隔的概率密度函數(shù),進(jìn)而得到人員到達(dá)時(shí)間間隔的期望值；人員在景區(qū)樓梯內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度相對(duì)較低,因而受密度的影響并不顯著。 為進(jìn)一步分析高層建筑樓梯區(qū)域人員疏散特性,分別對(duì)疏散演習(xí)過(guò)程中人員通過(guò)樓梯的擁擠特性,樓梯間有無(wú)匯流情況下的人員運(yùn)動(dòng)特性以及兒童在建筑樓梯內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性開(kāi)展研究�；诿绹�(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與技術(shù)研究院所開(kāi)展的疏散演習(xí)實(shí)驗(yàn)的原始數(shù)據(jù),分析人員通過(guò)建筑樓梯的疏散效率,并采用提出的速度密度計(jì)算方法得到人員運(yùn)動(dòng)速度、密度及相應(yīng)的速度密度關(guān)系,分析建筑樓梯區(qū)域人員疏散過(guò)程的擁擠特性。在九層建筑樓梯內(nèi)開(kāi)展人員運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)分析人員運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程時(shí)空分布、人員通過(guò)相鄰樓梯間平均運(yùn)動(dòng)速度以及人員通過(guò)各層樓梯的流率等參數(shù)分析無(wú)匯流過(guò)程及有匯流過(guò)程的人員運(yùn)動(dòng)特性；同時(shí)對(duì)兩種不同疏散過(guò)程的基本圖進(jìn)行對(duì)比,并分析匯流過(guò)程對(duì)人員運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的影響。在五層教學(xué)樓樓梯間開(kāi)展兒童運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了兒童下樓及上樓運(yùn)動(dòng)特性,分析兒童在樓梯平臺(tái)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度差異,同時(shí)對(duì)不同場(chǎng)景下兒童運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程的基本圖進(jìn)行了分析。 基于樓梯間人員運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程,構(gòu)建了人員通過(guò)樓梯疏散計(jì)算模型,提出一種密度控制的策略以實(shí)現(xiàn)疏散過(guò)程中降低樓梯間人員數(shù)量的要求,之后構(gòu)建樓層樓梯連接平臺(tái)匯流模型,該模型考慮了人員在樓梯內(nèi)的偏好行走方向,樓層樓梯平臺(tái)內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)身行為以及樓層樓梯行人不同的期望運(yùn)動(dòng)速度等因素,對(duì)不同樓梯結(jié)構(gòu)的人員疏散過(guò)程開(kāi)展研究,分析了樓梯間人員匯流過(guò)程。 最后,總結(jié)全文研究工作及主要結(jié)論,同時(shí)基于本文研究工作提出可進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展的研究。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy and the growth of the population, the crowded public buildings, such as the Theater Hall, the stadium and the tourist attractions, have developed rapidly. However, there are often a large number of people gathered in this kind of building, so it has become a study in recent years how to carry out the evacuation of people safely and high efficiency in the case of fire and other critical situations. As the building staircase as the main evacuation channel has its special structural characteristics, it is important to study the behavior of the personnel through the evacuation process of building staircases.
This paper mainly studies the personnel movement and evacuation characteristics in the building staircase area, and analyzes and summarizes the behavior characteristics, crowding state, pedestrian flow and staircase confluence in the building staircase in detail, aiming at providing data support and scientific suggestion for the optimization design of building staircase and the crowd management in emergency situations.
First, observation experiments are carried out on the campus and the different staircase areas to obtain the basic movement characteristics of the personnel in the building staircase area. According to the process of personnel movement in the campus staircase area, the basic data are obtained by artificial processing, and the factors affecting the speed of the people's free movement are analyzed by variance analysis and independent sample T test. The experimental results show that the observation of staircase, staff sex and group factors have significant influence on the speed of free movement of personnel, among which the groups are the most influential factors of the three factors; in addition, sex and groups have interaction with the speed of the free movement of the personnel, that is, the sex is the speed of the person's movement speed without the presence of the group. The influence of the group on the speed of the people's movement is greater than that of the group, but the influence of the group on the speed of the male free movement is greater than that of the women's free movement speed. For the personnel movement process in the scenic area, the basic transportation behavior of the personnel, the personnel statistics information, and the time of arrival of the personnel on the basis of the observation data Analysis and Research on the distribution of the velocity distribution and the velocity density of the personnel. Based on the observation of the people's movement process in the area of the staircase area, some typical behavior of the personnel in the movement process, such as the ranking and walking, the detour, the avoidance, the stay photo, the same direction and the reverse stratification, etc.; the probability of the arrival time interval of the personnel arrives with the personnel. The increase of time interval is decreasing, and the probability density function can be obtained by fitting the time interval of personnel to get the expected value of people arriving at the interval of time, and the movement speed of the personnel in the staircase is relatively low, so the influence of density is not significant.
In order to further analyze the evacuation characteristics of the personnel in the staircase area of the high-rise building, the characteristics of the personnel moving through the stairs in the process of evacuation drills, the movement characteristics of the staff in the staircase without confluence and the movement characteristics of children in the building staircase are studied. Study the original data of the experiment, analyze the evacuation efficiency of building staircase, and use the proposed velocity density calculation method to get the relationship between the speed, density and the corresponding velocity density, analyze the crowd characteristics of the evacuation process in the building staircase. The personnel movement experiment is carried out in the nine staircase, through the analysis of people. The time and space distribution of the movement process, the personnel through the average velocity of the adjacent staircase and the flow rate of the staircase by the staff to analyze the movement characteristics of the people without the confluence process and the flow process. At the same time, the basic figures of the two different evacuation processes are compared, and the influence of the confluence process on the speed of the people's movement is analyzed. The children's movement experiment was carried out in the staircase of the five storey building. The movement characteristics of children's downstairs and upstairs were studied. The difference of children's movement speed on the staircase was analyzed, and the basic map of children's movement in different scenes was analyzed.
Based on the process of staircase personnel movement, a model of evacuation calculation by stairs is constructed, and a density control strategy is proposed to reduce the number of staircases in the evacuation process. After that, a confluence model of the floor staircase is constructed. The model takes into account the people's preference for walking in the staircase, the floor staircase platform. The internal turning behavior and the different expected speed of the stairs and staircases, the evacuation process of the different staircase structures is studied, and the process of the staircase personnel's confluence is analyzed.
Finally, the paper summarizes the research work and main conclusions, and proposes further research based on the research work in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU998.1

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：2103241