本文選題：居住建筑 + 行為模式�。� 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：夏熱冬冷地區(qū)人口密集、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)、地理面積廣闊。隨著人民生活水平的提高,該地區(qū)居民夏季和冬季紛紛采取制冷和采暖措施來(lái)改善室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境,這也導(dǎo)致了夏熱冬冷地區(qū)的居住建筑能耗急劇上升。目前北方嚴(yán)寒及寒冷地區(qū)住戶(hù)采用的是“全時(shí)間、全空間”的用能方式,因此人行為對(duì)能耗的影響不大,而夏熱冬冷地區(qū)住戶(hù)一般采用的是“部分時(shí)間、部分空間”的用能方式,人行為對(duì)建筑能耗有很大影響。但目前的建筑節(jié)能規(guī)范采用的用能工況沿用的是北方的“全時(shí)間、全空間”的用能方式,且建筑節(jié)能技術(shù)的研究也是基于這種工況下展開(kāi)的,這導(dǎo)致了該地區(qū)采用了節(jié)能技術(shù)手段后實(shí)際的節(jié)能效果并不理想。為了建立合理的行為準(zhǔn)則應(yīng)用于建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì),從而使“工況”與實(shí)際工況接近并達(dá)到相應(yīng)的節(jié)能目標(biāo),本文開(kāi)展了如下的研究：首先通過(guò)大樣本的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查收集了528份有效問(wèn)卷,詳細(xì)調(diào)查了夏熱冬冷地區(qū)杭州市居民用戶(hù)的行為方式與居住建筑能耗情況,分析得到杭州市居住建筑用戶(hù)的用能方式、空調(diào)計(jì)算期和采暖期以及單位面積能耗與消費(fèi)情況關(guān)系。并分析了影響因素與居住建筑能耗的相關(guān)性。其次在調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)功率計(jì)、溫濕度計(jì)對(duì)6戶(hù)家庭進(jìn)行為期2年的入戶(hù)實(shí)測(cè),獲取住戶(hù)夏季和冬季的空調(diào)使用情況、室內(nèi)的熱環(huán)境情況以及住戶(hù)的能耗情況,并驗(yàn)證問(wèn)卷調(diào)研結(jié)果的正確性。同時(shí)通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)并結(jié)合問(wèn)卷分析確定空調(diào)期為6月18日至9月5日,采暖期為12月12日至次年2月19日,分別長(zhǎng)于和短于夏熱冬冷地區(qū)節(jié)能規(guī)范規(guī)定的空調(diào)期和采暖期。并確定了基于時(shí)間、空間和舒適度三方面的典型人行為模式,即能耗設(shè)備是部分時(shí)間、部分空間的運(yùn)行方式,具體為設(shè)備的使用空間為客廳和臥室；使用時(shí)間段夏季為21：00-6：00,冬季為21：00-23：00；同時(shí)考慮人體舒適度,在夏季和冬季容忍溫度分別為31℃和12℃開(kāi)啟設(shè)備,并將設(shè)備的設(shè)定溫度定位27℃和16℃。最后以杭州市一典型住戶(hù)為例,使用建筑能耗模擬軟件DeST,首先分析空調(diào)及采暖設(shè)備運(yùn)行模式、空調(diào)及采暖計(jì)算期、容忍溫度、設(shè)定溫度對(duì)能耗的影響,獲得單個(gè)因素對(duì)能耗的影響程度。同時(shí)在相同的客觀(guān)環(huán)境下,采用本文提出的行為模式,進(jìn)行了全年能耗模擬,并與規(guī)范規(guī)定的行為模式下計(jì)算結(jié)果、規(guī)范給定的能耗指標(biāo)及實(shí)測(cè)能耗結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明,由于人行為模式的不同,使得能耗指標(biāo)與規(guī)范模式下得到的能耗均比實(shí)際結(jié)果大。
[Abstract]:Hot summer and cold winter areas are densely populated, economically developed and have a vast geographical area. With the improvement of people's living standard, the residents in this area have adopted refrigeration and heating measures to improve the indoor thermal environment in summer and winter, which has led to a sharp rise in energy consumption of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas. At present, residents in cold and cold areas in the north use energy in "all time, all space", so human behavior has little effect on energy consumption, while households in hot summer and cold winter generally use "partial time". Part of the space "energy use, human behavior has a great impact on building energy consumption." However, the energy use mode adopted in the current building energy conservation code is the "all-time, all-space" energy use mode in the north, and the research on building energy-saving technology is also based on this working condition. This led to the adoption of energy-saving technology in the region after the actual energy-saving effect is not ideal. In order to establish a reasonable code of conduct to be applied to the design of building energy conservation, so that the "working condition" is close to the actual working condition and the corresponding energy saving goal is achieved, This paper has carried out the following research: firstly, 528 valid questionnaires were collected through a large sample questionnaire, and the behavior patterns and energy consumption of residential buildings were investigated in detail in the hot summer and cold winter areas of Hangzhou. The relationship between energy consumption and energy consumption per unit area is obtained by analyzing the energy use mode of residential buildings in Hangzhou, the calculation period and heating period of air conditioning and the energy consumption per unit area. And analyzed the influence factor and the residence building energy consumption correlation. Secondly, on the basis of investigation, 6 families were tested by power meter and temperature and humidity meter for 2 years to obtain the air conditioning usage in summer and winter, indoor thermal environment and energy consumption. And verify the correctness of the questionnaire survey results. The air conditioning period is from June 18 to September 5 and the heating period is from December 12 to February 19, which is longer than and shorter than the air conditioning period and heating period stipulated by the energy saving code in hot summer and cold winter area. And the typical human behavior mode based on time, space and comfort is determined, that is, energy consumption equipment is part of time, part of space operation mode, specifically the use of the equipment space for living room and bedroom; The operating time period is 21: 00-6: 00 in summer and 21: 00-23: 00 in winter. At the same time, considering the comfort of human body, the tolerance temperature in summer and winter is 31 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2081999