本文選題：彝族 + 建筑文化區(qū)劃�。� 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：西南彝族的傳統(tǒng)聚落與建筑具有古老而獨(dú)特的民族文化特征;社會(huì)發(fā)展、民族遷徙和文化交融又展示出豐富的地域文化特征。彝學(xué)研究目前主要集中在民族歷史、語言、社會(huì)等人文社科方面,而建筑學(xué)領(lǐng)域關(guān)于彝族聚落與建筑文化方面的系統(tǒng)論著還比較缺少。論文以田野調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ),測繪整理了豐富的第一手資料,查閱和參考了相關(guān)歷史研究文獻(xiàn),歸納總結(jié)了西南彝族建筑的構(gòu)成體系和文化技術(shù)特色,探索了西南彝族聚落的生成機(jī)制與發(fā)展演變規(guī)律,建構(gòu)了彝族傳統(tǒng)建筑研究的理論框架,這對(duì)民族建筑史學(xué)研究以及對(duì)地方建筑史的研究都有較高的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,對(duì)民族聚落文化及環(huán)境保護(hù)也有較好的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。研究首先在歷史考證和文獻(xiàn)梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,通過與藏、羌居住形態(tài)相似性的比較證實(shí)了彝族的氐羌族系特征;探索了彝族的家支親屬制度、原始宗教信仰與以民族哲學(xué)思想對(duì)其建筑文化產(chǎn)生的影響;追溯了彝族聚落地理的歷史空間分布,梳理了彝族在民族遷徙、政權(quán)建立等歷史進(jìn)程中的聚落演變;以及在與中原文化交流中的地域文化的演進(jìn)與變遷。研究運(yùn)用人文地理區(qū)系理論,在總結(jié)彝族聚居區(qū)的自然地理、方言、支系等諸多文化區(qū)劃基礎(chǔ)上,以聚落空間分布、聚落形態(tài)、建筑構(gòu)筑形式作為依據(jù)建立了西南彝族建筑文化區(qū)系。通過比較揭示出文化區(qū)系“核心”區(qū)域的民族性,和“邊緣區(qū)”的文化交融性規(guī)律,并歸納出西南地理空間下彝族建筑文化的山地性和流域性特征。研究通過聚落考古、人類學(xué)考察等方式總結(jié)了彝族傳統(tǒng)聚落在不同歷史和社會(huì)環(huán)境下的空間形態(tài):游耕型聚落的分散型布局,農(nóng)耕型聚落的緊湊型布局,家支制度下的組團(tuán)式布局,雜姓聚落的多中心格局等等。特別探究了原始宗教信仰對(duì)彝族聚落活動(dòng)的重要影響,表現(xiàn)為靈物崇拜下的聚落選址模式,空間領(lǐng)域界定,和宗教民俗活動(dòng)影響下的儀式空間特征。在對(duì)彝族傳統(tǒng)建筑的類型研究中,運(yùn)用類型學(xué)和傳統(tǒng)營造學(xué)相結(jié)合的分析方法,歸納了以火塘、青棚和公房等建筑空間特征;分析了彝族建筑從獨(dú)棟式向合院式的類型演化過程;詳細(xì)分析了彝族傳統(tǒng)建筑的構(gòu)筑技術(shù)特色,總結(jié)了具有民族地域特色的穿斗d'架、井干、邛籠的建筑文化技術(shù)特征,建構(gòu)了彝族建筑的營造體系特征研究框架。通過田野調(diào)查梳理出彝族傳統(tǒng)建筑營建活動(dòng)的工匠技藝、人體計(jì)量方法,靈物崇拜下的材料選擇加工和“吉祥時(shí)間觀”下的建房習(xí)俗等,總結(jié)出民俗文化和地域環(huán)境影響下的彝族建筑營造特征。最后,研究總結(jié)了彝族建筑文化中聚落營建理念的生態(tài)人文價(jià)值,民族建造技術(shù)的科學(xué)文化價(jià)值和建筑演變規(guī)律的史學(xué)研究價(jià)值,并就彝族傳統(tǒng)聚落保護(hù)與開發(fā)的現(xiàn)狀得失做出總結(jié)與歸納,提出了文化生態(tài)保護(hù)、生土技術(shù)更新與地域創(chuàng)作的彝族建筑文化保護(hù)與開發(fā)的原則與策略。
[Abstract]:The traditional settlements and buildings of the Yi nationality in Southwest China have ancient and unique national cultural characteristics, while the social development, ethnic migration and cultural blending show rich regional cultural characteristics. At present, the study of Yi studies mainly focuses on the humanities and social sciences, such as history, language, society and so on, while the systematic works on the settlement and architectural culture of the Yi nationality in the field of architecture are still lacking. On the basis of field investigation, the paper collates abundant first-hand data, looks up and refers to relevant historical research documents, and sums up the composing system and cultural and technical characteristics of the Yi-nationality architecture in Southwest China. This paper probes into the forming mechanism and developing law of the settlement of the Yi nationality in Southwest China, and constructs the theoretical framework of the study of the traditional architecture of the Yi nationality, which is of high academic value to the study of the history of national architecture and the study of the history of local architecture. It also has good practical application value to national settlement culture and environmental protection. Firstly, on the basis of historical textual research and literature review, the paper proves the characteristics of the Di and Qiang lineages of Yi nationality by comparing them with Tibetan and Qiang residential forms, and explores the system of family members and relatives of Yi nationality. The influence of primitive religious belief and national philosophy on its architectural culture is traced back to the historical spatial distribution of Yi settlement geography and the evolution of Yi nationality in the historical process of ethnic migration and establishment of political power is combed. And the evolution and changes of regional culture in the cultural exchange with the Central Plains. On the basis of summarizing the natural geography, dialect, branch and other cultural divisions of Yi nationality settlement area, this paper applies the theory of humanistic geographical flora to study the spatial distribution and settlement form of the settlement. Architectural forms as the basis for the establishment of the southwest Yi architectural culture area. By comparing and revealing the nationality of the "core" region of the cultural region and the law of cultural blending between the "marginal area" and the "core area", this paper sums up the mountainous and watershed characteristics of the architectural culture of the Yi nationality in the southwest geographical space. By means of settlement archaeology and anthropological investigation, the paper summarizes the spatial forms of Yi traditional settlements in different historical and social environments, such as the scattered layout of floating settlements, the compact layout of agricultural settlements, and so on. Family-branch system under the group-style layout, mixed surname settlement of the multi-center pattern and so on. In particular, this paper probes into the important influence of primitive religious beliefs on the settlement activities of the Yi nationality, which is manifested by the settlement location model under the worship of spiritual objects, the definition of the spatial domain, and the characteristics of ritual space under the influence of religious folklore activities. In the study of the types of traditional buildings of the Yi nationality, by using the analysis method of the combination of typology and traditional building theory, this paper sums up the space characteristics of buildings such as fire ponds, green sheds and public houses. This paper analyzes the evolution process of Yi nationality architecture from single-family style to courtyard type, analyzes in detail the construction technical characteristics of Yi traditional architecture, and sums up the architectural cultural and technical characteristics of the traditional Yi architecture with the characteristics of national region, such as Dou dai frame, shaft stem, Qiongcage, etc. The research frame of the construction system characteristics of Yi nationality architecture is constructed. Through field investigation, the artisans' skills, human body measurement, material selection and processing under the worship of spiritual objects and the custom of building houses under the concept of "auspicious time" have been sorted out in the construction activities of the Yi people's traditional buildings. The characteristics of Yi nationality architecture under the influence of folk culture and regional environment are summarized. Finally, the paper summarizes the ecological and humanistic value of the concept of settlement construction, the scientific and cultural value of the national construction technology and the historical research value of the law of architectural evolution in the Yi nationality architectural culture. This paper summarizes and summarizes the present situation of the protection and development of the Yi traditional settlements, and puts forward the principles and strategies of the protection and development of the Yi nationality's architectural culture, including the protection of cultural ecology, the technical renewal of the raw land and the creation of the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU982.29;TU253
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本文編號(hào)：2060384