本文選題：臺風 + 中尺度數(shù)值模式WRF�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：一方面臺風與人們的生產(chǎn)、生活密切相關,給沿海及內(nèi)陸地區(qū)帶來了充足的雨水;另一方面,臺風是最嚴重的自然災害之一,具有突發(fā)性強、破壞力大等特點。關于臺風的研究主要有:氣象學從臺風的形成、發(fā)展以及消亡的整個大氣物理過程著手,充分考慮臺風天氣系統(tǒng)的各類要素,但主要是對臺風進行大尺度的模擬;土木結構領域未考慮溫度、濕度、水汽等物理過程,得到簡化的控制方程,雖然對研究臺風機理有著明顯的缺陷,但為結構的安全設計提供較好的分析資料;災害評估專業(yè)以及保險行業(yè)則是著重臺風的發(fā)生、登陸等概率分析,充分考慮各種不確定因素以及統(tǒng)計規(guī)律。本文采用氣象學大氣控制方程組進行小尺度的臺風風場模擬,較之傳統(tǒng)相互獨立的研究,其優(yōu)勢在于既保證了臺風模擬的相對準確,又能將模擬信息延伸到小尺度區(qū)域,這對土木工程來說是一種很好的研究思路。首先進行臺風天氣系統(tǒng)的數(shù)值模擬,得到精細三維臺風場時-空信息,分析臺風風場結構、風場特性;進一步考慮可能影響模擬結果的旋轉(zhuǎn)湍流因素、時空精度和亞格子模型,修改源程序或加入新的亞格子模型進行分析。本文目標是通過數(shù)值模擬得到精細、準確的臺風風場,便于大型橋梁、風力電廠選址,城市風環(huán)境等研究開展;并發(fā)現(xiàn)氣象學與土木學科關注連接領域的新現(xiàn)象,對得出的新現(xiàn)象給出合理的理論解釋。本文利用的是由美國環(huán)境預測中心和美國國家大氣研究中心等科研機構開發(fā)的統(tǒng)一的中尺度數(shù)值模式WRF。具體研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,利用WRF模擬2014年16號臺風鳳凰,分為WRF模擬和WRF-LES模擬兩種工況,對比分析臺風的風場特性,優(yōu)選出模擬結果較好的工況作為后續(xù)分析的主要依據(jù)。在分析過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)平均風速剖面與臺風中心所處地形有著密切的相關性;脈動風速譜在平穩(wěn)段與高頻段之間存在一過渡段,這與科爾莫戈羅夫的-5/3次律的邊界層譜有一定出入;湍流強度、湍流積分尺度同樣與常態(tài)風相差較大;然后,重點分析引起脈動風速譜“異樣”的可能因素:旋轉(zhuǎn)湍流、時空精度以及WRF模式亞格子模型的準確性,得出各可能因素對于臺風系統(tǒng)的具體影響情況;與此同時模擬一正常天氣系統(tǒng),對比分析脈動風速譜特點;最后,結合正常天氣系統(tǒng)模擬出現(xiàn)的類似現(xiàn)象,找出脈動風速譜“異樣”的合理理論解釋--渦度擬能、地轉(zhuǎn)平衡概念。通過上述分析,從理論上解釋新現(xiàn)象,可以優(yōu)選出在臺風大、小尺度上都較為準確的風場信息方案,完成了課題的初衷。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, typhoon is closely related to people's production and life, which brings sufficient Rain Water to coastal and inland areas; on the other hand, typhoon is one of the most serious natural disasters, with the characteristics of sudden and destructive. The research on typhoon mainly includes: meteorology starts from the whole atmospheric physical process of typhoon formation, development and extinction, fully considers all kinds of elements of typhoon weather system, but mainly simulates typhoon on a large scale; In the field of civil structures, the simplified governing equations are obtained without considering physical processes such as temperature, humidity and water vapor. Although there are obvious defects in the study of typhoon mechanism, good analysis data are provided for the safety design of structures. Disaster assessment and insurance industry focus on the occurrence of typhoons, landing and other probability analysis, fully taking into account all kinds of uncertain factors and statistical laws. In this paper, the meteorological atmospheric control equations are used to simulate the wind field of a small scale typhoon. Compared with the traditional independent study, the advantage of the simulation is that it can not only guarantee the relative accuracy of the typhoon simulation, but also extend the simulation information to the small scale area. This is a good research idea for civil engineering. Firstly, the numerical simulation of typhoon weather system is carried out, and the fine three-dimensional time-space information of typhoon field is obtained. The structure and characteristics of typhoon wind field are analyzed, and the factors of rotational turbulence, space-time accuracy and sub-lattice model, which may affect the results of simulation, are further considered. Modify the source program or add a new sublattice model for analysis. The aim of this paper is to obtain fine and accurate typhoon wind field by numerical simulation, so as to facilitate the study of large-scale bridges, wind power plant location, urban wind environment, and to find new phenomena in the field of meteorology and civil engineering. A reasonable theoretical explanation of the new phenomenon is given. In this paper, a unified mesoscale numerical model, WRFF, developed by the Environmental Prediction Center of the United States and the National Center for Atmospheric Research in the United States, is used. The specific research contents are as follows: firstly, WRF is used to simulate 16 typhoon Phoenix in 2014, which is divided into two working conditions: WRF simulation and WRF-LES simulation. The wind field characteristics of typhoon are compared and analyzed, and the best simulation results are selected as the main basis for subsequent analysis. In the process of analysis, it is found that the mean wind speed profile is closely related to the topography of the typhoon center, and that there is a transition section between the stationary and high frequency regions of the fluctuating wind speed spectrum. This is different from Kormogorov's -5 / 3 law of boundary layer spectrum, turbulence intensity and turbulence integral scale are also different from normal wind, and then, the possible factors that cause pulsating wind velocity spectrum to be "unusual" are analyzed emphatically: rotational turbulence. The temporal and spatial accuracy and the accuracy of the sub-lattice model of WRF model are obtained. The influence of various possible factors on the typhoon system is obtained. At the same time, a normal weather system is simulated, and the characteristics of fluctuating wind speed spectrum are compared and analyzed. Combined with the similar phenomena in the simulation of normal weather systems, a reasonable theoretical explanation of "unusual" of fluctuating wind speed spectrum is found-the vorticity pseudo-energy and the geostrophic equilibrium concept. Through the above analysis, the new phenomenon can be explained theoretically, and the wind field information scheme, which is more accurate on the large and small scale of typhoon, can be selected, and the original intention of the project is fulfilled.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU312.1

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前3條

1 歐進萍,段忠東,常亮;中國東南沿海重點城市臺風危險性分析[J];自然災害學報;2002年04期

2 葛耀君,趙林,項海帆;基于極值風速預測的臺風數(shù)值模型評述[J];自然災害學報;2003年03期

3 李茜,段忠東;Shapiro臺風風場模型及其數(shù)值模擬[J];自然災害學報;2005年01期

，

本文編號：1842270