本文關鍵詞： 高層建筑 現場實測 風特性 風壓 風洞試驗 風致響應 玻璃幕墻　出處：《湖南大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：由于輕質高強材料的應用使得現代高層建筑呈現出高柔和低阻尼特性,高層建筑在強風中的振動有可能引起結構的塑性變形,尤其是圍護結構的破壞時有發(fā)生,強風引起的風荷載往往是此類建筑結構設計的主要控制荷載。我國每年都有臺風在東南沿海地區(qū)登陸,造成大量的房屋損壞和其他結構物的破壞,也威脅著沿海地區(qū)高層建筑的安全性及其居住者的舒適性。因此,有必要對沿海地區(qū)高層建筑在臺風作用下的風效應進行系統的研究�，F場實測是結構抗風研究的主要方法之一。本文基于廈門沿海的三棟高層建筑A、B和C建立了抗風現場實測的基地,并對高層建筑在臺風作用下的風效應開展長期、系統的的抗風現場實測研究�，F場實測的內容包括建筑頂部的風場實測、建筑表面的風壓實測、不同樓層的加速度響應實測,以及對玻璃幕墻的中空玻璃的風致應力測量。經過幾年的臺風監(jiān)測獲得了大量的實測資料,并形成了一套較為完善的抗風現場實測研究方法�；谖宕闻_風風場的實測數據,分析了高層建筑頂部的風特性,包括平均風速風向、湍流度、陣風因子、湍流積分尺度和脈動風速譜等。其中,在臺風“天兔”中對三棟建筑頂部的風場進行了同步實測,并具體的對比研究了三棟建筑頂部風特性和風速相關性。臺風實測得到的風速時程往往具有非平穩(wěn)性。本文改進了基于非平穩(wěn)風模型的風特性方法中對時變平均風速的提取方法,對實測風場數據采用非平穩(wěn)風模型分析了其風特性,其結果表明非平穩(wěn)風模型對實測風速的湍流度的估計更加合理�；谠诮ㄖ﨏的第33層和第17層的多點風壓實測數據,分析了各測點的風壓系數、脈動風壓的概率分布特性、峰值因子、以及脈動風壓的功率譜和相關性。研究表明:當選取樣本的來流風向比較平穩(wěn)時,各10min子樣本風壓系數間的差異很小,測點所處的位置及脈動風壓的概率分布特性對風壓系數的影響較大;在保證率相同的情況下,實測風壓的峰值因子大于基于高斯分布假設的峰值因子;迎風面測點脈動風壓的氣動導納函數與Kawai提出的指數函數曲線的衰減規(guī)律相吻合,迎風面測點的相關系數大于背風面,其頻率平均的相干函數值與測點間距離的關系可以由一組的指數函數來模擬。通過對建筑C在A類和B類風場條件下的風洞試驗研究,對建筑表面的風壓分布特性進行了分析,給出了兩類地貌條件下得到的建筑各面的體型系數。通過對比風洞試驗與實測風壓的結果,發(fā)現兩者所獲得的平均風壓系數結果基本一致,但現場實測中部分測點的脈動性很強,可能產生較大的峰值風壓系數。基于臺風作用下在建筑C的6個樓層的風致加速度響應的現場實測,獲得了該結構的前6階自振頻率和結構在兩個方向上的前兩階平動振型,并分析了加速度響應的均方根與平均風速的關系。本文建立了合理的三維有限元模型,其模態(tài)分析的結果與實測結果很接近。將模擬得到的A類地貌下的二維風場作為結構的順風向脈動風荷載激勵施加到有限元模型上,通過時程分析的方法得到了結構的順風向風致響應,其結果與規(guī)范方法的計算結果比較吻合,與實測的加速度響應的結果也很接近。中空玻璃幕墻是高層建筑中較常采用的外圍護結構,中空玻璃在風荷載作用下主要發(fā)生彎曲變形。本文首先利用幕墻抗風壓檢測設備對中空玻璃幕墻試件進行了風壓加載試驗,然后測量了在臺風作用下建筑C幕墻中空玻璃的風致應力,重點分析了中空玻璃在風壓作作用下的風致應力。結合中空玻璃單元的構造和承載特點,通過理論分析提出了中空玻璃單元受彎承載性能分析的簡化方法和有限元分析方法。
[Abstract]:Due to the application of lightweight materials because of the modern high-rise building exhibits high soft and low damping, vibration of high-rise buildings in strong winds are likely to cause plastic deformation of the structure, especially the structure of the damage occurred, the wind load caused by strong winds is usually the main control load design of these structures. There is a typhoon landing in the southeast coastal area of our country every year, causing a lot of damage to housing and other damage to structure, high-rise buildings also threaten the safety of coastal area and the comfort of the occupants. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out systematic research on wind effects on tall buildings in coastal areas under typhoon is one of the main field. Study on method of structures. In this paper, the coast of Xiamen in three high-rise buildings based on A, B and C established a wind field test base, and the high-rise building under typhoon wind The effect of long-term, the wind field measurement system research. The measured wind field measurement includes the pressure building on top of a building, the surface of the measured responses of different floors and wind-induced acceleration, hollow glass of the glass curtain wall stress measurement. After several years of typhoon monitoring and obtained a large amount of measured data, and formed a set of more perfect wind field measurement method. The measured data of five typhoon wind field based on the analysis of the characteristics of the wind at the top of the high-rise buildings, including the average wind speed and direction, turbulence intensity, gust factor, turbulence integral scale and wind spectrum. Among them, the typhoon Usagi in wind field the top three buildings were synchronously measured, and the comparative study of the three buildings at the top of the wind characteristics and wind velocity correlation. Typhoon measured time history is non-stationary. This change The extraction method of time synchronization method of non-stationary wind characteristics of mean wind speed wind model based on the measured wind data using non-stationary wind model analysis of the wind characteristics, the results show that the estimation of non stationary wind turbulence model of measured wind speed is more reasonable. Multi point pressure measurement data in building C the thirty-third layer and seventeenth layer based on the analysis of the wind pressure coefficient of each point, the probability distribution characteristics of fluctuating wind pressure, peak factor, and the fluctuating wind pressure power spectrum and the correlation. The results show that: when the sample of the flow direction is relatively stable, the difference between the 10min sub sample pressure coefficient is very small, the influence of probability the location and distribution characteristics of fluctuating wind pressure measuring points located on the wind pressure coefficient is relatively large; in the guarantee rate under the same condition, the peak peak factor is greater than the pressure factor based on the Gauss distribution; windward point fluctuation The attenuation law of wind aerodynamic admittance function and exponential function curve proposed by Kawai coincide, windward correlation coefficient is larger than the leeward side, the coherence function relationship with distance measuring points by a set of exponential function to simulate the average frequency. Through the construction of C in a class and B class wind under the conditions of wind tunnel test, wind pressure distribution on the surface of the architecture is analyzed, two kinds of landform conditions were given the building shape coefficient. Through the comparison with the measured wind pressure wind tunnel test results, the results found that the average wind pressure coefficient are obtained basically the same, but in the field of measuring pulse the point is very strong, may produce a larger peak wind pressure coefficient. Field test of wind-induced acceleration under typhoon C in building 6 floors based on response, obtained the structure of the first 6 natural frequencies. The direction of the two of the first two order translation mode, and analyzes the relationship between the RMS acceleration response and average wind speed. In this paper, a 3-D finite element model was established, the modal analysis results and the test results are very close. The simulation results of a two-dimensional terrain wind field structure as the wind the fluctuating wind load excitation applied to the finite element model, through the method of time history analysis by wind structure wind induced responses, the results of calculation results agree well with the standard method, the response and the measured acceleration results is very close. Hollow glass curtain wall retaining structure is often used in high-rise building. Hollow glass under wind load mainly bending deformation. This paper uses wall anti wind pressure testing equipment for hollow glass curtain wall specimens of wind loading test, and then measured in typhoon Building C hollow glass curtain wall of wind stress, focus on the analysis of the hollow glass in the wind as the wind stress. And combined with the characteristics of bearing structure of hollow glass unit, is presented through theoretical analysis. The simplified method and the finite element analysis of flexural bearing performance of insulating glass unit.

【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU973.213

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