【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)憑借著廣闊市場(chǎng)、豐富物產(chǎn)、廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力、優(yōu)惠政策、穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)環(huán)境等優(yōu)勢(shì),吸引了大量外資的涌入,為我國(guó)的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和豐富的管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),使我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)由此進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展的軌道,2014年,我國(guó)引入外商投資總額超越美國(guó),榮登全球吸引外商投資的首位。展望未來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)將引來(lái)新常態(tài),經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況從“短缺經(jīng)濟(jì)”過(guò)渡到“過(guò)剩經(jīng)濟(jì)”,外商對(duì)華投資也將進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的歷史時(shí)期。同時(shí),我們也看到了當(dāng)前我國(guó)吸引外商對(duì)華直接投資還存在著諸多問(wèn)題,一是外資增速減緩,引資質(zhì)量有待提高;二是產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)存在偏差,有待調(diào)整優(yōu)化;三是投資的區(qū)域分布不均,產(chǎn)業(yè)梯度轉(zhuǎn)移有待提速;四是投資方式,并購(gòu)、獨(dú)資化明顯,帶來(lái)安全隱患;五是外資來(lái)源國(guó)相對(duì)單一,制約技術(shù)的升級(jí)換代。這些問(wèn)題的存在必將對(duì)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革帶來(lái)影響,阻礙我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。為此,必須通過(guò)研究找出這些問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因,依托供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革,打造良好的投資環(huán)境,吸引更多外商來(lái)華投資,使外商投資的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、區(qū)位選擇、外資來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)、投資方式更貼近我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,讓外商投資更好地服務(wù)于我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。本文主要分析外商對(duì)華直接投資的誘因,在回顧國(guó)內(nèi)外直接投資理論的基礎(chǔ)上,選用較貼合我國(guó)國(guó)情的投資誘發(fā)要素組合理論為主要理論分析依據(jù),在中外學(xué)者研究的基礎(chǔ)上,選取影響外商直接投資的直接誘因以及間接誘因進(jìn)行分析,論述由于在這些誘因上存在著差異,影響著外商直接投資在投資質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、區(qū)位選擇、投資方式,外資來(lái)源地等方面的選擇,造成目前我國(guó)在吸引外資上的問(wèn)題。運(yùn)用案例進(jìn)行比較分析,對(duì)外商直接投資的誘因進(jìn)行比對(duì),論證國(guó)家或地區(qū)間由于在外商直接投資直接誘因和間接誘因上存在差異,從而導(dǎo)致外商直接投資在投資規(guī)模、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、和區(qū)位等選擇的不同。我國(guó)東中西部地區(qū)在市場(chǎng),勞動(dòng)力,外資政策,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),投資環(huán)境等因素上存在差異,決定了外商對(duì)華直接投資在規(guī)模上呈現(xiàn)出東高西低的現(xiàn)狀,在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)上更是體現(xiàn)出東部地區(qū)以高端制造業(yè)和現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)的投資為主,而中西部則更傾向于在加工型制造業(yè)上的投資。我國(guó)與印度、越南、孟加拉國(guó)相比,我國(guó)在影響外商直接投資的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量及勞動(dòng)力素質(zhì)等因素上具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),但我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力成本遠(yuǎn)超三國(guó),直接影響著外商直接投資,是造成制造業(yè)流失的決定因素。目前我國(guó)吸引外商直接投資所面臨的問(wèn)題,同時(shí)也是當(dāng)前供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革存在的問(wèn)題,解決這些問(wèn)題需依賴于供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革來(lái)加快外資產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)進(jìn)步,加快產(chǎn)業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)和轉(zhuǎn)換、以此推進(jìn)我國(guó)的體制創(chuàng)新,更好地利用我國(guó)吸引外資的有利因素,揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短,錯(cuò)位發(fā)展,提升我國(guó)利用外資的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和質(zhì)量,更好地利用外資為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展服務(wù),為我國(guó)的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重大戰(zhàn)略提供支撐。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has attracted the influx of a large number of foreign investment by virtue of its vast market, rich products, cheap labor, preferential policies, stable social environment and so on. It has brought advanced technology and rich management experience for the social and economic development of our country, so that the economy of our country has entered the track of rapid development, in 2014, China In the future, China's economic construction will lead to a new normal situation, the economic situation from "short economy" to "surplus economy", and foreign investment in China will also enter a new historical period in the future. There are many problems in direct investment, one is that the growth of foreign capital is slowed down and the quality of investment needs to be improved; two, there is a deviation in the industrial structure, which needs to be adjusted and optimized; three, the regional distribution of investment is uneven, the industrial gradient transfer needs to be speeded up; the four is the investment mode, the merger, the sole proprietorship, the hidden danger of security, and the five is a relatively single source country, five The existence of these problems will inevitably affect the structural reform of the supply side and impede the economic development of our country. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the causes of these problems through the study, relying on the structural reform of the supply side, creating a good investment environment, attracting more foreign investment to China, and making the industrial knot of foreign investment. The structure, the location choice, the foreign capital structure, the investment way close to the economic development strategy of our country, and make the foreign investment better serve our country's economic development. This paper mainly analyzes the inducement of foreign direct investment to China. On the basis of reviewing the domestic and foreign direct investment theory, it selects the investment inducing factor group which is more appropriate to the national conditions of our country. On the basis of the main theoretical analysis, on the basis of Chinese and foreign scholars' research, the paper selects direct incentives and indirect inducements that affect FDI, and discusses the differences in these incentives, which affects the selection of FDI in the quality of investment, industrial structure, location selection, investment mode, and foreign sources. By comparing the inducements of foreign direct investment by comparing the reasons of foreign direct investment by comparison and analysis, this paper demonstrates the difference between the direct and indirect causes of foreign direct investment in the country or region, which leads to the choice of foreign direct investment in the scale of investment, industrial structure, and location. There are differences in the market, labor force, foreign policy, infrastructure construction and investment environment in the eastern and western regions of China, which determines the present situation of foreign direct investment to China on the scale of East and West, and in the industrial structure, the eastern region is mainly invested in high-end manufacturing and modern service industry. Compared with India, Vietnam and Bangladesh, China has obvious advantages over the market size, infrastructure, labor force and quality of labor, but the cost of labor in China is far beyond the three countries, which directly affects foreign direct investment. The determinants of the loss of manufacturing industry. The problem that our country is facing to attract foreign direct investment is also the problem of the current structural reform of the supply side. To solve these problems it is necessary to rely on the structural reform of the supply side to speed up the technological innovation and technological progress of foreign products, and to accelerate the upgrading and transformation of the industrial structure. We should promote the institutional innovation of our country, make better use of the favorable factors of attracting foreign capital in our country, promote the development of our country, improve the competitiveness and quality of our country's utilization of foreign capital, make better use of foreign capital to serve our country's economic development, and provide a support for the great war of our country's social and economic development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F832.6

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