本文選題：三農(nóng)　切入點(diǎn)：建設(shè)銀行　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的不斷深化,農(nóng)業(yè)成在保障民生中的作用不斷凸顯,國(guó)家將“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題升級(jí)為國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略層面,相繼出臺(tái)了一系列的“三農(nóng)”扶持政策,為提高農(nóng)業(yè)化水平以及保障農(nóng)民生活質(zhì)量奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),因此“三農(nóng)”逐漸成為民眾的聚焦點(diǎn)。國(guó)家對(duì)于“三農(nóng)”領(lǐng)域的扶持政策最早要追溯到上個(gè)世紀(jì)八十年代,中央制定了“一號(hào)文件”,文件為我國(guó)的農(nóng)村改革提出了發(fā)展方向,有效地調(diào)動(dòng)起農(nóng)民的積極性,保障了農(nóng)民的利益,在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)解決了農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力問(wèn)題。上個(gè)世紀(jì)九十年代,隨著改革開(kāi)放的不斷深化,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)得到了快速發(fā)展,但是農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展以及農(nóng)民的收入?yún)s沒(méi)有跟上時(shí)代的步伐,在九十年代末期,農(nóng)民收入增幅連續(xù)下降,與城鎮(zhèn)居民的收入差距越來(lái)越大。農(nóng)民由于職業(yè)的特殊性,可以滿足溫飽。但是嚴(yán)重缺乏消費(fèi)念能力,對(duì)于醫(yī)療以及教育更是無(wú)力支付,鑒于這種現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題的改革已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。在我國(guó),農(nóng)村人口占比以及農(nóng)業(yè)占比都很高,因此“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的重中之重,需要國(guó)家出臺(tái)一系列的政策進(jìn)行扶持。綜合分析,在人財(cái)物的政策支持方面,財(cái)力支撐應(yīng)當(dāng)是排在首位的,但是實(shí)際的到位資金還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,這成為制約“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展的主要問(wèn)題。為了解決資金問(wèn)題,國(guó)家不斷出臺(tái)相關(guān)政策,鼓勵(lì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)加大對(duì)“三農(nóng)”的扶持力度,例如:定向降準(zhǔn),將存款準(zhǔn)備經(jīng)比例與對(duì)“三農(nóng)”扶持力度掛鉤等。在政策推動(dòng)下,商業(yè)銀行以及農(nóng)村信用社等金融機(jī)構(gòu)紛紛優(yōu)化了原有的信貸資產(chǎn)配置,推出了一系列針對(duì)“三農(nóng)”的貸款品種,為解決“三農(nóng)”資金短板問(wèn)題提供了幫助。但是,隨著我國(guó)“三農(nóng)”改革的不斷深化,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)、農(nóng)民經(jīng)營(yíng)方式等核心要素也在不斷的發(fā)生變化,原有的金融機(jī)構(gòu)資金扶持方向已經(jīng)不能滿足不斷變化的新型需求,而金融機(jī)構(gòu)由于其風(fēng)控訴求以及其他自身問(wèn)題而不能及時(shí)推出新的貸款品種以及信貸模式,這就出現(xiàn)了供給與需求不對(duì)接的問(wèn)題,因此要保證對(duì)“三農(nóng)”的資金扶持就必須要不斷優(yōu)化信貸模式,滿足由于“三農(nóng)”改革而不斷出現(xiàn)的新的需求。在“三農(nóng)”分析中,以往的文獻(xiàn)以及相關(guān)學(xué)者習(xí)慣于使用定量分析的方法,這種方法在使用過(guò)程中較為復(fù)雜,不易理解,且“三農(nóng)”在不斷發(fā)展與優(yōu)化,量化分析容易出現(xiàn)偏差,對(duì)提出解決問(wèn)題的方式造成影響。本文以建設(shè)銀行為分析對(duì)象,研究分析建設(shè)銀行的經(jīng)營(yíng)環(huán)境,以此為基礎(chǔ)拓展到“三農(nóng)”領(lǐng)域,提出金融機(jī)構(gòu)針對(duì)“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題的解決方案,以此滿足農(nóng)戶在發(fā)展需求,為農(nóng)民致富提供保障,進(jìn)而推動(dòng)整個(gè)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,解決“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題中的資金面缺乏以及需求與供給不對(duì)接問(wèn)題。本文首先對(duì)“三農(nóng)”相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了界定,并概述了國(guó)內(nèi)外金融機(jī)構(gòu)支持農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒;在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)黑龍江省建設(shè)銀行服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”信貸業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)行了業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展SWOT分析與評(píng)價(jià);據(jù)此提出了有針對(duì)性的黑龍江省建設(shè)銀行服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”信貸業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的對(duì)策和建議。本文在研究分析的過(guò)程中也存在一些不足之處,例如:采取定性分析的方式進(jìn)行經(jīng)營(yíng)環(huán)境研究,雖然更加注重了方向性的研究,但是缺乏精確性;本文中使用的數(shù)據(jù)中,建設(shè)銀行的數(shù)據(jù)相對(duì)準(zhǔn)確,但是其他潛在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的經(jīng)營(yíng)數(shù)據(jù)都是通過(guò)其他渠道得來(lái)的,缺乏一定的準(zhǔn)確性等。
[Abstract]:With the continuous deepening of China's economic transformation, agriculture continue to highlight the role in safeguarding the people's livelihood in the country, the "three rural" upgraded to the national strategic level, have issued a series of policy of "three rural", and laid a solid foundation for improving the agricultural level and safeguard farmers' quality of life, so the "three rural" has gradually become the focus of people. The policy support for the "three rural" areas of the country can be traced back to the last century in 80s, the Chinese government has formulated the "document", put forward the development direction of the file for the rural reform of our country, effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, to protect the interests of the farmers. For a long time to solve the problem of rural labor. In 90s of last century, with the deepening of reform and opening-up, China's economy has been rapid development, but the development of agriculture and farmers' income In did not keep pace with the times, in the late 90s, farmer income growth declined continuously, and the income gap between urban residents more and more farmers. Because of the particularity of occupation, can meet the food and clothing consumption. But a serious lack of reading ability, for health care and education is unable to pay, in view of this situation, the reform of the "three rural" the problem is imminent. In our country, the rural population proportion and agriculture very high proportion, so the "three rural issues" is the priority among priorities in the development of China's economy, the country has issued a series of policy support. The comprehensive analysis, in support of their policies, financial support should be ranked in the first place, but the actual capital in place is not enough, the main problem restricting the development of "three agriculture". In order to solve this problem, the state has introduced relevant policies to encourage financial institutions to increase On the "three rural" support, such as targeted RRR cuts, the deposit reserve ratio and the support of the "three rural" hook. Under the policy to promote commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives and other financial institutions have to optimize the allocation of the credit assets, launched a series of the "three rural" loans variety, provide help to solve the "three rural" funds short board problem. However, with the deepening of China's "three rural" reform, agricultural industry organization, farmers management and other core elements are in constant change, the original structure of financial funds to support the direction has been unable to meet the new needs of the changing, and financial because of its risk control mechanism and other problems of their own demands and can not timely launch of new loan products and credit model, which appeared in the supply and demand does not answer the question, so make sure to agriculture "The financial support must constantly optimize the credit model, meet the" three rural "reform because of the emergence of new needs. In the" three rural "analysis method, the literature and relevant scholars to use quantitative analysis used, this method used in the process is more complex, not easy to understand, and the" three rural "in the continuous development and optimization, quantitative analysis is prone to bias, the impact on the way to solve the problem. This paper puts forward the Construction Bank as the research object, analysis of the Construction Bank's operating environment, on the basis of expanding to three rural areas, put forward solutions to the financial institution for the" three rural issues ", in order to meet the farmers in the the development needs, to provide protection for the farmers, and promote the development of rural economy, capital to solve the" three rural "problem in the lack of supply and demand docking problem. This paper first does not The first of the "three rural" defines the related concepts, and summarizes the domestic and foreign financial institutions to support agricultural development experience; on the basis of the current development of the Construction Bank of Heilongjiang province "three rural" service of credit business, analyzed and evaluated the SWOT business development; puts forward the targeted Construction Bank of Heilongjiang province service "countermeasures and suggestions of rural credit business development. This paper also has some deficiencies, in the process of research and analysis for qualitative analysis of business environment research, although pay more attention to the direction of the research, but lack of accuracy; the data used in this paper, the Construction Bank data accurate, but operating data of other potential competitors are obtained through other channels, lack of accuracy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F832.43

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