高強度工作環(huán)境下疲勞恢復時間的分析與預測
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-06 10:50
【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展和科技的進步,市場競爭日益激烈,在過去的十年里,為了提高生產(chǎn)效率,許多人類的勞動都已經(jīng)被現(xiàn)代機器所取代。然而,依然有一些既需要足夠的體力,又需要足夠的警覺性的工作是機器無法代替的。在上述工作中,高強度工作占了重要的份額。任何調(diào)動大肌肉群的收縮,耗氧量達到最大耗氧量(VO2max)50%及以上的體力活動都可以被定義為高強度工作。在現(xiàn)實工作中,很多工作人員從事的工作都屬于此范疇,如消防員、救援人員、維修人員以及體育運動員等。而這些從業(yè)者的工作環(huán)境往往都是比較復雜并且艱苦的。高強度工作會引發(fā)疲勞,疲勞會使得工作人員的無法完成工作并且認知表現(xiàn)下降,甚至造成嚴重的事故。因此,我們運用工效學知識于高強度工作人員的工作休息時間安排,提高其生產(chǎn)效率和安全性。在本次試驗研究中,一共有47位受試者參與了實驗。本實驗分為兩個部分,第一個部分是反應時運動時在安靜、高強度運動后、主觀恢復時間后和客觀恢復時間后四個時間點的變化趨勢。第二部分是客觀恢復時間和主觀恢復時間預測模型的構(gòu)建。47位受試者被分為兩組,其中6位被隨機選擇組成對照組,其他受試者組成實驗組。實驗組成員的數(shù)據(jù)被用以構(gòu)建客觀恢復時間和主觀恢復時間的預測模型,對照組的數(shù)據(jù)被用以驗證模型的準確性。測試前,每位受試者需要完成個人信息統(tǒng)計表、運動功能感知測試問卷(PFA)和運動等級測試問卷(PA-R)這三份問卷。在測試過程中,所有受試者都需要完成高強度工作測試(70%最大工作能力),他們持續(xù)不斷的工作直到精疲力竭,然后靜坐休息,當他們自我感覺不再疲勞時,所用的休息時間被記錄為主觀恢復時間;當他們的心率恢復到工作前的基準值時,所用的休息時間被記錄為客觀恢復時間。所得數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過SPSS軟件處理,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀恢復時間與相對身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、PFA得分、PA-R得分和最大心率顯著相關(guān),并以此為依據(jù)構(gòu)建出客觀恢復時間的預測模型;主觀恢復時間與性別、相對身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、正常心率、PFA得分和PA-R得分顯著相關(guān),并以此為依據(jù)構(gòu)建出主觀恢復時間的預測模型。對于客觀恢復時間預測模型,我們通過運用年齡與最大心率的相關(guān)線性函數(shù),可以得到一個不需要實驗室實驗數(shù)據(jù)的更加簡便的預測模型�？偠灾�,高強度工作后,受試者的認知表現(xiàn)會有一定程度的下降;主觀恢復時間后的認知表現(xiàn)比高強度工作前更好;客觀恢復時間后的認知表現(xiàn)恢復到高強度工作前的狀態(tài)。通過引入PFA和PA-R自測問卷,我們可以構(gòu)建出不需要經(jīng)過復雜的實驗室試驗的客觀恢復時間預測模型和主觀恢復時間預測模型。據(jù)此,我們可以做出合理的工作安排。當休息時間短于客觀恢復時間時,高強度工作者不宜繼續(xù)執(zhí)行高強度工作,需要休息;當休息時間超過主觀恢復時間,便可以被安排做一些不需要體力工作的簡單的腦力工作,直到完成客觀恢復,繼而接著進行高強度工作。因此,在已知主觀恢復時間和客觀恢復時間的基礎(chǔ)上,我們可以合理靈活安排高強度體力工作和簡單腦力工作相結(jié)合的工作休息時間,提高工作效率,降低工作風險。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the market competition is increasingly fierce. In the past ten years, in order to improve production efficiency, many human labor has been replaced by modern machines. Intensity work accounts for an important share. Any physical activity that mobilizes the contraction of large muscles and maximizes oxygen consumption (VO2max) by 50% or more can be defined as high-intensity work. In real work, many of the staff work in this area, such as firefighters, rescuers, maintenance personnel and sports. The working environment of these employees is often complex and difficult. High intensity work can lead to fatigue, fatigue can make staff unable to complete their work and cognitive performance decline, and even cause serious accidents. In this study, 47 subjects participated in the experiment. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was the change trend of the four time points after quiet, high intensity exercise, subjective recovery time and objective recovery time. The second part was the objective recovery time. Forty-seven subjects were divided into two groups. Six of them were randomly selected to form a control group and the others to form an experimental group. Before the test, each participant was asked to complete three questionnaires: the Personal Information Statistics, the Motion Function Perception Test (PFA) and the Sports Rank Test (PA-R). When they no longer felt tired, the rest time was recorded as subjective recovery time; when their heart rate returned to the baseline before work, the rest time was recorded as objective recovery time. The subjective recovery time was significantly correlated with gender, relative body mass index, normal heart rate, PFA score and PA-R score, and a subjective recovery time prediction model was constructed based on the R score and maximum heart rate. By using a linear correlation function between age and maximum heart rate, a simpler prediction model without laboratory data can be obtained. By introducing PFA and PA-R self-test questionnaires, we can construct objective recovery time prediction model and subjective recovery time prediction model without complicated laboratory tests. Accordingly, we can make reasonable work arrangements. When the rest time is shorter than objective. When the recovery time is longer than the subjective recovery time, the high-intensity worker can be arranged to do some simple mental work which does not require physical work until the objective recovery is completed and then the high-intensity work is carried out. Therefore, the subjective recovery time and the objective recovery time are known. On the basis of multiple hours, we can reasonably and flexibly arrange the work break time which combines high-intensity physical work with simple mental work, so as to improve work efficiency and reduce work risk.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F249.2
本文編號：2226125
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the market competition is increasingly fierce. In the past ten years, in order to improve production efficiency, many human labor has been replaced by modern machines. Intensity work accounts for an important share. Any physical activity that mobilizes the contraction of large muscles and maximizes oxygen consumption (VO2max) by 50% or more can be defined as high-intensity work. In real work, many of the staff work in this area, such as firefighters, rescuers, maintenance personnel and sports. The working environment of these employees is often complex and difficult. High intensity work can lead to fatigue, fatigue can make staff unable to complete their work and cognitive performance decline, and even cause serious accidents. In this study, 47 subjects participated in the experiment. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was the change trend of the four time points after quiet, high intensity exercise, subjective recovery time and objective recovery time. The second part was the objective recovery time. Forty-seven subjects were divided into two groups. Six of them were randomly selected to form a control group and the others to form an experimental group. Before the test, each participant was asked to complete three questionnaires: the Personal Information Statistics, the Motion Function Perception Test (PFA) and the Sports Rank Test (PA-R). When they no longer felt tired, the rest time was recorded as subjective recovery time; when their heart rate returned to the baseline before work, the rest time was recorded as objective recovery time. The subjective recovery time was significantly correlated with gender, relative body mass index, normal heart rate, PFA score and PA-R score, and a subjective recovery time prediction model was constructed based on the R score and maximum heart rate. By using a linear correlation function between age and maximum heart rate, a simpler prediction model without laboratory data can be obtained. By introducing PFA and PA-R self-test questionnaires, we can construct objective recovery time prediction model and subjective recovery time prediction model without complicated laboratory tests. Accordingly, we can make reasonable work arrangements. When the rest time is shorter than objective. When the recovery time is longer than the subjective recovery time, the high-intensity worker can be arranged to do some simple mental work which does not require physical work until the objective recovery is completed and then the high-intensity work is carried out. Therefore, the subjective recovery time and the objective recovery time are known. On the basis of multiple hours, we can reasonably and flexibly arrange the work break time which combines high-intensity physical work with simple mental work, so as to improve work efficiency and reduce work risk.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F249.2
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1 潘驍;高強度工作環(huán)境下疲勞恢復時間的分析與預測[D];江蘇科技大學;2015年
，本文編號：2226125
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