發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-02 14:26

  本文選題：基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 + 項(xiàng)目融資��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：完善的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施系統(tǒng)可以改善和提高人民居住環(huán)境的質(zhì)量,城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施在城市建設(shè)和發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用,特別是中小城鎮(zhèn)賴以生存和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。因此,中小城鎮(zhèn)要想取得發(fā)展,就必須關(guān)注于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建立和完善。從總體上看,我國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展?fàn)顩r并不平衡,中小城鎮(zhèn)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)能力較弱。相對(duì)于中心城市而言,中小城鎮(zhèn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的數(shù)量和整體水平都較為落后,而這將成為制約中小城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要因素。在我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中,為了保證公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建立,政府采用了多種市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目融資模式。國(guó)家以及地方政府已經(jīng)逐步建立起相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)為項(xiàng)目融資模式的落實(shí)提供保障,這些融資模式隨著基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累而得到不斷改進(jìn),日益發(fā)展成熟。近幾年來,多種融資模式在城鎮(zhèn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)過程中被廣泛使用,推動(dòng)了我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展。城鎮(zhèn)化的發(fā)展需要投入大量的資金到公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)中,這使得公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資在政府的財(cái)政支出中占較大比例。而政府的資金有限,承擔(dān)全部公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,政府資金不足以支撐項(xiàng)目投資,這成為了公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的絆腳石。為了解決資金不足的問題,公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目必須要尋求新的融資渠道,引入社會(huì)資本。在傳統(tǒng)的BT模式中,政府將基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目的投資和建設(shè)交給投資承包方,由投資承包人墊資進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目建設(shè),在建設(shè)完工后再由政府進(jìn)行回購(gòu)。這種模式不但在建設(shè)前期使投資承包方資金負(fù)擔(dān)過重,在回購(gòu)時(shí)也使政府面臨著較大的資金壓力。在2014年,國(guó)家出臺(tái)相應(yīng)的宏觀政策鼓勵(lì)民間和社會(huì)資本進(jìn)入到基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)與維護(hù)領(lǐng)域,為PPP模式的發(fā)展提供了外部政治基礎(chǔ)。中小城鎮(zhèn)本身的資源有限,市場(chǎng)較小,投資基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高,以往常規(guī)的融資模式并不適用。而采用PPP模式,由政府和私營(yíng)企業(yè)共同合作,共同承擔(dān)項(xiàng)目的收益和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),不僅解決了地方政府資金不足的問題,也解決了BT模式中投資人資金壓力過大的問題。在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目建設(shè)過程中,能夠提高項(xiàng)目整體的運(yùn)作效率和改進(jìn)項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)新能力,是中小城鎮(zhèn)建立基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目的有利選擇。本文以吉林遠(yuǎn)通路橋集團(tuán)為例,對(duì)集團(tuán)項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的整體情況以及企業(yè)資金狀況進(jìn)行了介紹。在認(rèn)識(shí)集團(tuán)項(xiàng)目開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)集團(tuán)采用BT模式進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目面臨的問題進(jìn)行分析,將BT模式與PPP模式進(jìn)行比較,以明確企業(yè)項(xiàng)目開發(fā)采用PPP模式的可行性和必要性。接下來,本文將企業(yè)面臨的內(nèi)外部環(huán)境進(jìn)行分析,并采用SWOT模型識(shí)別出企業(yè)所面臨的優(yōu)勢(shì)、劣勢(shì)、機(jī)會(huì)和威脅,確定出相應(yīng)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。本文以基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目融資和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理為切入點(diǎn),闡明了PPP模式在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域運(yùn)用的可行性和前景。為了保證集團(tuán)項(xiàng)目PPP模式的有效開展,本文分析了采用PPP模式進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施和保障方案,為集團(tuán)公司項(xiàng)目開發(fā)決策提供可靠支持。
[Abstract]:A perfect infrastructure system can improve and improve the quality of the people's living environment. The urban infrastructure plays an important role in urban construction and development, especially the basis for the survival and development of small and medium-sized cities and towns. Therefore, if the small and medium-sized towns want to achieve development, they must be concerned with the establishment and improvement of the infrastructure. The development of urbanization in China is not balanced, small and medium-sized cities and towns are weak in infrastructure construction. Relative to central cities, the number and overall level of infrastructure are relatively backward, and this will become an important factor restricting the development of small and medium-sized cities and towns. The establishment of the common infrastructure, the government has adopted a variety of municipal infrastructure project financing models. The state and local governments have gradually established relevant laws and regulations to provide guarantee for the implementation of the project financing model. These financing models have been continuously improved with the accumulation of practical experience in infrastructure projects, and are becoming more and more mature. In the past few years, a variety of financing modes have been widely used in the construction of urban infrastructure, which has promoted the rapid development of urbanization in China. The development of urbanization needs to invest a lot of funds into the construction of public infrastructure, which makes the investment of public infrastructure in a large proportion of the government's financial expenditure. In order to solve the problem of insufficient funds, public infrastructure projects must seek new financing channels and introduce social capital in order to solve the problem of insufficient funds. In the traditional BT model, the government will set up the foundation. The investment and construction of the project is given to the investment contractor. The investment contractor is funded by the investment contractor to carry out the project construction and repurchase by the government after the construction is completed. This model not only makes the investment contractor overburdened at the early stage of construction, but also makes the government face greater financial pressure during the repurchase. In 2014, the state promulgated the corresponding macro level. The policy encourages the private and social capital to enter the infrastructure construction and maintenance field, providing the external political basis for the development of the PPP model. The small and medium-sized cities and towns themselves have limited resources, small market, high risk of investment infrastructure, and the conventional financing model is not suitable for use. The PPP model is used by the government and the private enterprise. Cooperation and joint undertaking of the benefits and risks of the project not only solve the problem of the shortage of local government funds, but also solve the problem of excessive capital pressure in the BT model. In the process of infrastructure project construction, it can improve the operation efficiency of the project as a whole and improve the innovation ability of the project. It is the infrastructure project of small and medium-sized cities and towns. Taking the Jilin Luqiao group as an example, this paper introduces the overall situation of the group project development and the capital situation of the enterprise. On the basis of understanding the current situation of the group project development, this paper analyzes the problems faced by the group using the BT model, and compares the BT model with the PPP model in order to clear the enterprise project. The development of the PPP model is feasible and necessary. Next, this paper analyzes the internal and external environment of the enterprise, and identifies the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats that the enterprise faces with the SWOT model. This article is based on the financing and risk management of infrastructure projects, and clarifies the PPP model in this paper. In order to ensure the effective development of the PPP model of the group project, this paper analyzes the strategy implementation and guarantee scheme of the project development using the PPP model, and provides reliable support for the project development decision of the group company.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F283;F426.92

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