本文選題：改革開放　切入點(diǎn)：中國(guó)　出處：《渤海大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：就業(yè)問題是關(guān)系到國(guó)計(jì)民生的重要問題,因此受到中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨和政府的高度重視。改革開放以來,根據(jù)社會(huì)發(fā)展的實(shí)際,我國(guó)就業(yè)政策的演變先后經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段。1978年至1992年間,隨著改革開放的不斷深化,我國(guó)沖破了原有的“統(tǒng)包統(tǒng)配”的就業(yè)政策,主要實(shí)施了在“三結(jié)合”就業(yè)方針指導(dǎo)下的多元就業(yè)政策。一方面,我國(guó)提出建立勞動(dòng)合同制、同時(shí)改革招工與用工制度,并采取多種鼓勵(lì)政策支持多種經(jīng)濟(jì)形式的發(fā)展,達(dá)到了拓寬就業(yè)渠道的目的;另一方面,打破了對(duì)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力向城市流動(dòng)的限制,加大對(duì)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的支持,實(shí)現(xiàn)了挖掘農(nóng)村就業(yè)潛力的目標(biāo)。1992年至2002年間,我國(guó)主要采取了“就業(yè)市場(chǎng)化”與“實(shí)施再就業(yè)工程”相結(jié)合的就業(yè)政策。既包括針對(duì)下崗失業(yè)人員實(shí)施的“再就業(yè)工程”,又包括為了適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制變革而初步建立的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)化政策,同時(shí)進(jìn)一步放寬對(duì)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的限制,使勞動(dòng)力跨地區(qū)有序流動(dòng)。2002年至今我國(guó)實(shí)施的是集“就業(yè)促進(jìn)、就業(yè)扶持、社會(huì)保障、就業(yè)服務(wù)”四位一體的具有中國(guó)特色的積極就業(yè)政策。其中包括支持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、鼓勵(lì)全民創(chuàng)業(yè)的就業(yè)促進(jìn)政策;扶持重點(diǎn)人群、實(shí)施“三條社會(huì)保障線”的扶持與保障政策;構(gòu)建就業(yè)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)、完善就業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的服務(wù)政策。我國(guó)就業(yè)政策的演變是多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。其中對(duì)馬克思主義就業(yè)理論認(rèn)識(shí)的不斷深化是就業(yè)政策演變的理論基礎(chǔ),中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政理念的升華是其演變的政治因素,經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的深刻變革是其演變的經(jīng)濟(jì)根源,就業(yè)意識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)變是其演變的思想根源,社會(huì)階層的分化與社會(huì)分工的發(fā)展則是其演變的社會(huì)根源。回顧我國(guó)改革開放以來就業(yè)政策的發(fā)展歷程,總結(jié)其制定和實(shí)施過程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),我們?cè)诮窈髴?yīng)該進(jìn)一步把握下列問題:“以人為本、統(tǒng)籌兼顧”是就業(yè)政策制定的宗旨;科學(xué)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、合理調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)是就業(yè)政策制定的依據(jù);建立就業(yè)預(yù)警、評(píng)估系統(tǒng)是就業(yè)政策制定的前提;健全法律法規(guī)、提升就業(yè)細(xì)化度是就業(yè)政策落實(shí)的保障;全社會(huì)協(xié)同、打造良性就業(yè)市場(chǎng)是就業(yè)政策實(shí)施的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Employment is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood, so the CPC and the government attach great importance to it.Since the reform and opening up, according to the reality of social development, the evolution of China's employment policy has undergone three stages. Between 1978 and 1992, with the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, China broke through the original employment policy of "unified package distribution".The main implementation of the "three-combination" employment policy under the guidance of multiple employment policy.On the one hand, China proposes to establish a labor contract system, at the same time reform the system of recruitment and employment, and adopt a variety of incentives to support the development of a variety of economic forms, to achieve the purpose of widening employment channels; on the other hand,It has broken down the restrictions on the migration of rural labor to cities, increased its support to township enterprises, and achieved the goal of tapping the rural employment potential.Our country mainly adopts the employment policy of "employment marketization" and "implementing re-employment project".It includes not only the "re-employment project" for laid-off and unemployed persons, but also the market-oriented employment policy initially established to adapt to the changes in the economic system, as well as the further relaxation of restrictions on the flow of rural labor.From 2002 to now, China has implemented an active employment policy with Chinese characteristics which integrates "employment promotion, employment support, social security and employment service".These policies include the employment promotion policy of supporting economic development and encouraging all people to start a business; supporting key people and implementing the support and security policy of "three social security lines"; constructing the employment information network and perfecting the service policies of employment service institutions.The evolution of our country's employment policy is the result of the comprehensive action of many factors.The deepening of the understanding of Marxist employment theory is the theoretical basis of the evolution of employment policy, the sublimation of the ruling concept of the Communist Party of China is the political factor of its evolution, and the profound reform of the economic system is the economic root of its evolution.The transformation of employment consciousness is the ideological root of its evolution, while the differentiation of social stratum and the development of social division of labor are the social roots of its evolution.Reviewing the development course of employment policy since reform and opening up in China, and summarizing the experience and lessons in its formulation and implementation, we should further grasp the following problems in the future: "people-oriented, overall consideration" is the purpose of employment policy formulation;Scientific development of economy, reasonable adjustment of industrial structure is the basis of employment policy formulation; establishing employment warning and evaluation system is the premise of employment policy formulation; perfecting laws and regulations, improving employment refinement is the guarantee of employment policy implementation;The goal of implementing employment policy is to create a healthy employment market in coordination with the whole society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：渤海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2

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本文編號(hào)：1720101