本文選題：服務(wù)業(yè)變動　切入點(diǎn)：就業(yè)規(guī)模　出處：《南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國正處于積極推動產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的歷史階段。當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展困境從服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展和就業(yè)問題兩個角度來看可以概括為以下兩個方面。第一,我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)比較落后,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展水平偏低。第二,由于城鎮(zhèn)化與高等教育的普及,我國就業(yè)問題越來越突出。因此,我國面臨著服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級目標(biāo)與勞動就業(yè)目標(biāo)的協(xié)調(diào)問題。在保障和促進(jìn)就業(yè)的前提下,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的路徑選擇值得我們深入思考。針對服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動就業(yè)效應(yīng)的研究,在理論上,可以拓展產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動的研究范式,同時也將豐富就業(yè)理論。在現(xiàn)實中,一方面有助于解決當(dāng)前的就業(yè)問題,推動服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展,就業(yè)規(guī)模和產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)�？焖偬嵘�；另一方面有助于推動服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的高級化。在第三章,對我國服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀、農(nóng)民工就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀、大學(xué)生就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,并基于產(chǎn)業(yè)價值鏈分析結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)的原因。基于此,本文明確了服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動的內(nèi)涵。依據(jù)服務(wù)業(yè)各行業(yè)要素密集度,本文將服務(wù)業(yè)分為勞動密集型、資本密集型和技術(shù)密集型三類。服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動表現(xiàn)為資本密集型服務(wù)業(yè)和技術(shù)密集型服務(wù)業(yè)產(chǎn)值和從業(yè)人數(shù)比重的不斷增長。在第四章構(gòu)建了服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動就業(yè)效應(yīng)的理論機(jī)制。服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動的就業(yè)效應(yīng)分為規(guī)模效應(yīng)和結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)。其中,就業(yè)規(guī)模效應(yīng)通過顯性機(jī)制和隱性機(jī)制兩種途徑實現(xiàn)。一方面,行業(yè)自身的發(fā)展能夠創(chuàng)造就業(yè),從而產(chǎn)生就業(yè)效應(yīng)；另一方面,行業(yè)與其他行業(yè)相互關(guān)聯(lián),通過供需匹配效應(yīng)、產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)效應(yīng)、創(chuàng)新效應(yīng)等途徑,其發(fā)展能夠促進(jìn)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,從而產(chǎn)生間接就業(yè)效應(yīng)。服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動對就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響主要體現(xiàn)在就業(yè)質(zhì)量和配置效率兩個方面。當(dāng)一國服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化時,技術(shù)密集型服務(wù)業(yè)取代過去的勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)成為該國的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè),勞動力也會有序的發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移。服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動能夠使得勞動資源由生產(chǎn)率低的行業(yè)流向生產(chǎn)率高的行業(yè),從而提高勞動資源的配置效率。在第五章,以我國現(xiàn)實情況為依據(jù),對理論機(jī)制進(jìn)行實證檢驗。通過協(xié)整分析、投入產(chǎn)出分析等發(fā)現(xiàn),技術(shù)密集型服務(wù)業(yè)具有最高的就業(yè)吸納彈性、就業(yè)創(chuàng)造持續(xù)力和間接就業(yè)效應(yīng),勞動密集型服務(wù)業(yè)次之,資本密集型再次之。通過統(tǒng)計分析,服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動導(dǎo)致相同學(xué)歷勞動力就業(yè)質(zhì)量提高,技術(shù)密集型服務(wù)業(yè)就業(yè)比重增加,不同行業(yè)工資水平差距不斷縮小,勞動資源配置效率不斷提高。同時,通過回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),人均GDP水平、城鎮(zhèn)化水平、市場化水平、固定資產(chǎn)投資等是影響我國服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動就業(yè)效應(yīng)的主要因素。最后,文章從提升大學(xué)生就業(yè)和促進(jìn)農(nóng)民工就業(yè)兩個方面,提出擴(kuò)大技術(shù)密集型服務(wù)業(yè)就業(yè)規(guī)模、優(yōu)化勞動密集型服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)等政策建議。
[Abstract]:China is in the historical stage of actively promoting the upgrading of industrial structure. The current predicament of economic development can be summarized as the following two aspects from the perspective of the development of service industry and employment. First, the industrial structure of our country is relatively backward. The development level of the tertiary industry is on the low side. Second, due to the popularization of urbanization and higher education, the employment problem in China is becoming more and more prominent. China is faced with the problem of coordination between the target of upgrading the service industry structure and the goal of labor employment. On the premise of ensuring and promoting employment, the path choice of the upgrading of industrial structure is worth our deep consideration. Theoretically, it can expand the research paradigm of industrial structure change, but also enrich the employment theory. In reality, on the one hand, it will help to solve the current employment problems, promote the development of service industry, employment scale and industrial scale of rapid upgrading; On the other hand, it is helpful to promote the advanced structure of service industry and employment structure. In the third chapter, it analyzes the present situation of service industry structure, the employment situation of migrant workers and the employment status of college students. Based on the analysis of the causes of structural unemployment based on the industrial value chain, this paper clarifies the connotation of the structural change of the service industry. According to the industry factor intensity of the service industry, this paper divides the service industry into labor-intensive. There are three types of capital-intensive and technology-intensive. The structural change of service industry is manifested by the increasing output value and the proportion of employed people of capital-intensive service and technology-intensive service. In Chapter 4th, the structural change of service industry is constructed. The employment effect of service industry structure change can be divided into scale effect and structure effect. On the one hand, the development of the industry itself can create employment and thus produce the employment effect; on the other hand, the industry and other industries are related to each other, through the matching effect of supply and demand. Industrial correlation effect, innovation effect and so on, its development can promote the development of related industries, The influence of service industry structure change on employment structure is mainly reflected in two aspects: employment quality and allocation efficiency. When a country's service industry structure changes, The technology-intensive service industry has replaced the labor-intensive industry in the past as the dominant industry in the country, and the labor force will also be transferred in an orderly manner. The structural changes in the service industry can enable the transfer of labor resources from low-productivity industries to high-productivity industries. So as to improve the efficiency of labor resources allocation. In Chapter 5th, based on the reality of our country, the theoretical mechanism is empirically tested. Through cointegration analysis, input-output analysis and other findings, The technology-intensive service industry has the highest flexibility of employment absorption, employment creation sustainability and indirect employment effect, labor-intensive service industry second, capital intensive again. Through statistical analysis, The structural changes in the service industry have led to the improvement of the employment quality of the labor force with the same academic qualifications, the increase in the proportion of employment in technology-intensive service industries, the narrowing of wage levels in different industries, and the continuous improvement in the efficiency of the allocation of labour resources. Through regression analysis, it is found that the per capita GDP level, urbanization level, market-oriented level and fixed asset investment are the main factors that affect the employment effect of service industry structure change in China. This paper puts forward some policy suggestions on expanding the employment scale of technology-intensive service industry and optimizing the structure of labor-intensive service industry from the two aspects of promoting the employment of college students and promoting the employment of migrant workers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F719;F249.2

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