本文選題：起點(diǎn)平等　切入點(diǎn)：收入差距分解　出處：《南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)關(guān)注的視角不同,平等理論可分為起點(diǎn)平等、過(guò)程平等和結(jié)果平等。但是,在實(shí)踐中,由于"過(guò)程平等"和"結(jié)果平等"比較容易觀察,相對(duì)而言,對(duì)過(guò)程和結(jié)果的不平等問(wèn)題討論較多,而對(duì)起點(diǎn)不平等問(wèn)題討論不足。在對(duì)這三種平等理論比較分析后,本文發(fā)現(xiàn),起點(diǎn)平等是實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)質(zhì)平等的根本要求。因?yàn)?起點(diǎn)平等不僅關(guān)注人類自然權(quán)利的平等,而且關(guān)注人類的能力以及形成能力的資源和機(jī)會(huì)的平等。同時(shí),起點(diǎn)平等還可以有效規(guī)避或化解"過(guò)程平等"和"結(jié)果平等"實(shí)踐所帶來(lái)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。本文在理論梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)起點(diǎn)平等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究。首先,本文從種族、性別、出生地(戶籍)和家庭背景四個(gè)方面,對(duì)中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的平等狀況進(jìn)行了回顧。然后,本文采用基于收入回歸分解的方法,就種族、性別、出生地(戶籍)和家庭背景對(duì)收入不平等的影響進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),起點(diǎn)因素對(duì)工資收入差距的貢獻(xiàn)度達(dá)到13.35%。其中種族貢獻(xiàn)度為0.05%,性別貢獻(xiàn)度為1.26%,出生地(戶籍)貢獻(xiàn)度為5.56%,家庭背景貢獻(xiàn)度為6.28%。最后,本文還發(fā)現(xiàn),從1949后至今,中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力了市場(chǎng)起點(diǎn)不平等情況經(jīng)歷了先下降,再上升,再下降的過(guò)程。結(jié)合實(shí)證結(jié)果,本文得出以下結(jié)論:1.在中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)上,起點(diǎn)不平等對(duì)個(gè)人發(fā)展會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定影響,但后天努力仍然是主要影響因素。2.隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的不斷完善,市場(chǎng)在資源配置中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用,使得起點(diǎn)不平等對(duì)個(gè)人發(fā)展影響呈現(xiàn)快速下降趨勢(shì)�？傊�,中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的起點(diǎn)不平等狀況總體向好。但是當(dāng)前起點(diǎn)不平等對(duì)個(gè)人發(fā)展依然存在著13.34%的影響,不容忽視。因此,我們依然有必要采取相關(guān)措施,來(lái)削弱起點(diǎn)不平等的影響,進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)社會(huì)公平化。具體政策建議如下:1.增加公共教育投入,促進(jìn)教育資源均等化;2.深化戶籍制度改革,推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)保障一致化;3.重視女性勞動(dòng)權(quán)益,落實(shí)相關(guān)保護(hù)工作;4.加大對(duì)邊疆民族地區(qū)的扶持力度。
[Abstract]:According to different perspectives of concern, equality theory can be divided into equality of starting point, equality of process and equality of result. In practice, however, because "process equality" and "result equality" are relatively easy to observe, The inequality of process and result is discussed more, but the inequality of starting point is not discussed enough. After comparing the three theories of equality, this paper finds that the equality of starting point is the fundamental requirement of realizing substantive equality. The equality of starting points is concerned not only with the equality of human beings' natural rights, but also with the human capacity and the equality of resources and opportunities to form it... at the same time, Starting point equality can also effectively avoid or resolve the social problems brought about by the practice of "process equality" and "result equality". This paper studies the issue of starting point equality in China's labor market on the basis of theoretical analysis. This paper reviews the equality of China's labor market from four aspects: race, sex, place of birth (domicile) and family background. An empirical study was conducted on the effects of birthplace (household registration) and family background on income inequality. The contribution of the starting point to the wage gap is 13.355.The contribution of race is 0.055.The contribution of gender is 1.26. the contribution of birthplace (domicile) is 5.56. the contribution of family background is 6.28.Finally, the paper also finds that, from 1949 to the present, The inequality of the starting point of the labor market in China has experienced the process of first decreasing, then rising, and then declining. Combined with the empirical results, this paper draws the following conclusions: 1. In China's labor market, the starting point inequality will have a certain impact on individual development. However, the day after tomorrow efforts are still the main influencing factors. With the continuous improvement of the market economic system, the market plays an increasingly important role in the allocation of resources, which makes the impact of starting point inequality on personal development showing a rapid downward trend. The starting point inequality in China's labor market is generally improving. However, the current starting point inequality still has a 13.34% impact on individual development, which can not be ignored. Therefore, we still need to take relevant measures. To weaken the impact of inequality from the starting point and further promote social equity. Specific policy recommendations are as follows: 1. Increase public investment in education and promote equalization of educational resources!!! 2.deepen the reform of the household registration system, 3. Pay attention to female labor rights and interests, implement related protection work. 4. Increase support for ethnic minority areas in frontier areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2

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