發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-26 20:04

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 設(shè)施失效 救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備庫 選址 運(yùn)達(dá)時(shí)間限制 遺傳算法　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：事前儲(chǔ)備救災(zāi)物資是一個(gè)國家和地區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害能力的保障,合理的儲(chǔ)備庫選址不僅能夠提高災(zāi)難應(yīng)對(duì)能力,而且能夠降低救災(zāi)成本。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,由于自然災(zāi)害、惡劣的天氣等各種各樣的原因均能破壞救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備庫從而使其喪失原有的功能。同時(shí),由于救災(zāi)的急迫性及時(shí)效性,其一旦失效將帶來嚴(yán)重的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。然而,在現(xiàn)有的救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備庫選址研究當(dāng)中,鮮有考慮其失效的情況。為了應(yīng)對(duì)救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備庫的失效,提高救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性,本文采用物資備份的策略,即在救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃階段,為潛在的救災(zāi)物資需求點(diǎn)安排額外的救災(zāi)物資來源點(diǎn)。針對(duì)這種策略,建立了以選址成本、期望運(yùn)輸成本之和最小為目標(biāo),同時(shí)對(duì)儲(chǔ)備庫的位置、容量和需求點(diǎn)與救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備庫的分配關(guān)系進(jìn)行決策的儲(chǔ)備庫選址模型。該模型為典型的NP困難問題,考慮到其復(fù)雜性,設(shè)計(jì)了針對(duì)模型特征的遺傳算法。為了驗(yàn)證模型的有效性和算法的可行性,設(shè)計(jì)了6組規(guī)模不同的算例。算例求解結(jié)果表明：遺傳算法的求解誤差在可接受范圍內(nèi),而且求解時(shí)間和求解規(guī)模明顯優(yōu)于最優(yōu)化方法；與不考慮失效模型求解結(jié)果相比,總成本會(huì)有一定的增加,但增加量和增加幅度隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大而縮減。最后,將本文所建立模型應(yīng)用于昆明市算例,得到了考慮失效情況下的救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備庫選址位置、規(guī)模和服務(wù)范圍；算例參數(shù)分析表明,系統(tǒng)中存在一個(gè)臨界時(shí)間約束值,當(dāng)超過這個(gè)時(shí)間限制以后,儲(chǔ)備庫選址和物資分配方案不再發(fā)生改變,而這個(gè)臨界值可以作為最佳救災(zāi)物資運(yùn)抵災(zāi)區(qū)限制時(shí)間。
[Abstract]:The reserve of relief materials in advance is the guarantee of a country or region's ability to cope with natural disasters. A reasonable storage location can not only improve the disaster response ability, but also reduce the disaster relief costs. In real life, due to natural disasters, Bad weather and other various reasons can destroy the reserve of disaster relief materials and make it lose its original function. At the same time, due to the urgency and timeliness of disaster relief, if it fails, it will bring serious loss of life and property. In the existing research on the storage site of disaster relief materials, the failure situation is rarely considered. In order to deal with the failure of the reservoir and improve the reliability of the disaster relief material reserve network, the strategy of material backup is adopted in this paper. That is, in the planning phase of the disaster relief material reserve network, additional sources of disaster relief materials are arranged for potential disaster relief material demand points. In view of this strategy, the goal is to select the location cost and expect the sum of transportation costs to be the minimum. At the same time, the location model is used to make decisions on the location, capacity, demand point and distribution relationship between the storage and the storage of disaster relief materials. The model is a typical NP-hard problem, considering its complexity. In order to verify the validity of the model and the feasibility of the algorithm, six groups of examples with different scales are designed. The results show that the error of the genetic algorithm is within the acceptable range. Moreover, the solution time and solution scale are obviously superior to the optimization method. Compared with the failure model, the total cost will increase, but the increase and increase will be reduced with the expansion of the network size. The model is applied to Kunming City, and the location, scale and service range of disaster relief storage are obtained, and the parameter analysis of the example shows that there is a critical time constraint value in the system. When the time limit is exceeded, the storage location and material distribution plan will not change, and this critical value can be regarded as the best time limit for the relief goods to reach the disaster area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F251;TP18

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