中國出口貿易的碳排放問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-13 23:23
【摘要】：縱觀世界經濟發(fā)展史，工業(yè)革命和新興科學技術的發(fā)展使發(fā)達國家乃至發(fā)展中國家經濟突飛猛進，創(chuàng)造了空前的經濟繁榮，然而人類在開發(fā)自然資源，發(fā)展經濟的同時，也給環(huán)境帶來了破壞，各國對化石燃料的消耗量不斷增加，由此導致二氧化碳等氣體的排放量與日俱增。全球變暖，生態(tài)污染加劇等一系列問題成為制約全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展的阻礙，因此探尋一種既能保證經濟發(fā)展速度，又能兼顧環(huán)境質量的低碳經濟模式成為世界各國今后發(fā)展的共同主題。 國際分工的日益深化，國際貿易的不斷發(fā)展，使二氧化碳游走于各個貿易國家，如何應對國際減排已是國際焦點。作為一個貿易大國，中國對外貿易依存度一直很高，出口是拉動經濟增長必不可少的一駕馬車，，而碳排放量的增加亦是出口貿易高速發(fā)展所必不可免的現象，因此合理測算中國國內生產以及出口貿易中所含的碳排放量和碳排放強度，研究我國出口貿易中不同行業(yè)的減排空間，明確中國出口貿易與碳排放之間的關系，對于今后我國出口貿易的轉型以及實現出口貿易低碳排放具有重要的意義。 本文主要建立在出口貿易對碳排放作用機制的理論基礎之上，結合中國現有出口貿易以及碳排放的現狀分析，著重通過計量經濟學分析方法檢驗中國出口規(guī)模與碳排放之間的關系，通過驗證發(fā)現中國出口貿易規(guī)模與碳排放量之間存在單向格蘭杰因果關系，中國出口貿易的不斷擴大是碳排放量增加的一個重要原因。其次運用投入產出法大致測算中國出口貿易中各行業(yè)的碳排放強度和碳排放量，以此來劃分中國出口貿易中的高碳行業(yè)、中碳行業(yè)和低碳行業(yè)，為不同碳排放強度的出口行業(yè)提供合理的減排空間，同時通過比較分析，發(fā)現出口商品結構和技術水平是影響中國出口貿易中碳排放量的重要因素。 通過經濟學理論分析和實證檢驗，本文認為中國出口貿易的高碳排放主要是因為中國較高的外貿依存度和較大出口規(guī)模、出口商品結構不合理、減排技術不成熟等三方面原因，其次是能源生產和消費結構不合理、寬松的碳排放規(guī)制等方面的制約。 最后論文針對中國出口貿易中大量的碳排放量以及巨大的減排壓力提出中國出口貿易的減排的政策建議。為減少中國出口貿易中的碳排放量，主要應從以下幾方面入手：調整我國的能源消費結構、優(yōu)化出口商品結構、加強研發(fā)力度以及引進減排技術、加強國際合作交流爭取談判主動權等。
[Abstract]:Throughout the history of world economic development, the industrial revolution and the development of new science and technology have made the economies of developed and even developing countries advance by leaps and bounds and created unprecedented economic prosperity. however, while human beings are developing natural resources and developing the economy, It has also caused damage to the environment, and the consumption of fossil fuels is increasing, resulting in the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases. A series of problems, such as global warming and increased ecological pollution, have become obstacles to global sustainable development, so exploring a way to ensure the speed of economic development. The low-carbon economic model, which can take into account environmental quality, has become the common theme of the future development of all countries in the world. With the deepening of international division of labor and the continuous development of international trade, how to deal with international emission reduction has become the international focus. As a big trading country, China's dependence on foreign trade has always been very high. Exports are an indispensable vehicle for stimulating economic growth, and the increase in carbon emissions is also an inevitable phenomenon for the rapid development of export trade. Therefore, we should reasonably measure the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity contained in China's domestic production and export trade, study the emission reduction space of different industries in China's export trade, and clarify the relationship between China's export trade and carbon emissions. It is of great significance for the transformation of China's export trade and the realization of low-carbon emissions from export trade in the future. This paper is mainly based on the theory of the mechanism of export trade on carbon emissions, combined with the analysis of China's existing export trade and the current situation of carbon emissions. The relationship between China's export scale and carbon emissions is tested by econometric analysis, and it is found that there is a one-way Granger causality between the scale of China's export trade and carbon emissions. The continuous expansion of China's export trade is an important reason for the increase in carbon emissions. Secondly, the input-output method is used to roughly calculate the carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions of various industries in China's export trade, so as to divide the high-carbon industry, medium-carbon industry and low-carbon industry in China's export trade. It provides a reasonable emission reduction space for export industries with different carbon emission intensities. At the same time, through comparative analysis, it is found that the structure of export commodities and the level of technology are the important factors affecting carbon emissions in China's export trade. Through economic theoretical analysis and empirical test, this paper holds that the high carbon emissions of China's export trade are mainly due to China's high dependence on foreign trade and large export scale, unreasonable structure of export commodities, immature emission reduction technology and so on. Secondly, the unreasonable structure of energy production and consumption, loose carbon emission regulations and other constraints. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the emission reduction of China's export trade in view of the large amount of carbon emissions in China's export trade and the huge pressure to reduce emissions. In order to reduce carbon emissions in China's export trade, we should mainly start with the following aspects: adjusting China's energy consumption structure, optimizing the structure of export commodities, strengthening research and development efforts and introducing emission reduction technology. Strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and strive for the initiative of negotiations, and so on.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F752.62
本文編號：2476260
[Abstract]:Throughout the history of world economic development, the industrial revolution and the development of new science and technology have made the economies of developed and even developing countries advance by leaps and bounds and created unprecedented economic prosperity. however, while human beings are developing natural resources and developing the economy, It has also caused damage to the environment, and the consumption of fossil fuels is increasing, resulting in the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases. A series of problems, such as global warming and increased ecological pollution, have become obstacles to global sustainable development, so exploring a way to ensure the speed of economic development. The low-carbon economic model, which can take into account environmental quality, has become the common theme of the future development of all countries in the world. With the deepening of international division of labor and the continuous development of international trade, how to deal with international emission reduction has become the international focus. As a big trading country, China's dependence on foreign trade has always been very high. Exports are an indispensable vehicle for stimulating economic growth, and the increase in carbon emissions is also an inevitable phenomenon for the rapid development of export trade. Therefore, we should reasonably measure the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity contained in China's domestic production and export trade, study the emission reduction space of different industries in China's export trade, and clarify the relationship between China's export trade and carbon emissions. It is of great significance for the transformation of China's export trade and the realization of low-carbon emissions from export trade in the future. This paper is mainly based on the theory of the mechanism of export trade on carbon emissions, combined with the analysis of China's existing export trade and the current situation of carbon emissions. The relationship between China's export scale and carbon emissions is tested by econometric analysis, and it is found that there is a one-way Granger causality between the scale of China's export trade and carbon emissions. The continuous expansion of China's export trade is an important reason for the increase in carbon emissions. Secondly, the input-output method is used to roughly calculate the carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions of various industries in China's export trade, so as to divide the high-carbon industry, medium-carbon industry and low-carbon industry in China's export trade. It provides a reasonable emission reduction space for export industries with different carbon emission intensities. At the same time, through comparative analysis, it is found that the structure of export commodities and the level of technology are the important factors affecting carbon emissions in China's export trade. Through economic theoretical analysis and empirical test, this paper holds that the high carbon emissions of China's export trade are mainly due to China's high dependence on foreign trade and large export scale, unreasonable structure of export commodities, immature emission reduction technology and so on. Secondly, the unreasonable structure of energy production and consumption, loose carbon emission regulations and other constraints. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the emission reduction of China's export trade in view of the large amount of carbon emissions in China's export trade and the huge pressure to reduce emissions. In order to reduce carbon emissions in China's export trade, we should mainly start with the following aspects: adjusting China's energy consumption structure, optimizing the structure of export commodities, strengthening research and development efforts and introducing emission reduction technology. Strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and strive for the initiative of negotiations, and so on.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F752.62
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