【摘要】：民國時期豫東平原的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀態(tài),上承清朝,下啟新中國時代,具有鮮明的古代社會向現(xiàn)代化社會轉變的時代特色。一方面,依然擺脫不了舊式的人力車、馬車、帆船式水陸交通,經(jīng)濟狀態(tài)以小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟為主;另一方面,在半殖民地的背景環(huán)境下,帶有侵略性質的病態(tài)畸形發(fā)展方式滲透進豫東平原的各行各業(yè)。作為河南省內面積最大的平原,豫東地區(qū)具有地勢平坦開闊,水陸交通發(fā)達,東西南北市場廣闊等眾多優(yōu)勢。民國時期,在以鐵路為主要因素的帶動之下,豫東平原在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方面取得了超越省內其他地區(qū)的發(fā)展勢頭,東西連接內陸和沿海,南北通達京津與長江經(jīng)濟帶,奠定了全省經(jīng)濟重心區(qū)的地位。豫東平原跟隨全國的發(fā)展勢頭,以東部沿海為龍頭導向,大力開展對外貿易,與沿海口岸的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系日益加強。同時,內部的產(chǎn)業(yè)結構和社會狀態(tài)也隨之改變,商品化程度提高,經(jīng)濟作物的種植比例加大;人員的遷移流動變得更加頻繁,向商業(yè)較發(fā)達的市鎮(zhèn)集中。作為沿海港口的經(jīng)濟腹地,豫東平原可以通過鐵路來連接代表先進生產(chǎn)力的港口城市。商業(yè)互動的逐年加強,使豫東平原這個比較靠進沿海港口的地區(qū)取得了比偏遠地區(qū)更加巨大的成就。經(jīng)濟形勢的發(fā)展變化大大改變了豫東平原的商業(yè)地理面貌。1920年至1935年,短短的15年間,豫東平原內部就發(fā)生了滄海桑田的變化。鄭縣、許昌、漯河迅速崛起,周口的商業(yè)貿易明顯衰落,省會開封也失去了往日的經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)治力。河南省的商業(yè)交通在清末以水路為主,水運發(fā)達的樞紐之地往往形成商業(yè)中心。河南的四大水系:黃河、淮河、漢水、衛(wèi)河,形成了四個水運樞紐,即“四大名鎮(zhèn)”:朱仙鎮(zhèn)、周口鎮(zhèn)、賒旗鎮(zhèn)和道口鎮(zhèn)。隨著鐵路的興起,經(jīng)過民國時期的演變,河南的商業(yè)市鎮(zhèn)從四大名鎮(zhèn)為中心變成以鐵路樞紐為中心,也即是民國晚期所設立的14個設“市”的縣。在河南的這一商業(yè)地理面貌急劇變化之中,豫東平原是一個良好的縮影。豫東平原內部的商業(yè)規(guī)模測算和與外部的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系是探討其商業(yè)發(fā)展態(tài)勢的著眼點。豫東地區(qū)的人均購買力在一定程度上反映了地區(qū)商業(yè)規(guī)模的水平;與北部和南部港口城市的聯(lián)系進行對比,可以對豫東地區(qū)做一個腹地歸屬的討論。另外,在河南省內的經(jīng)濟地位變化可以直觀的反映出豫東平原的發(fā)展速度與水平。這些都是針對這一地區(qū)的商業(yè)地理面貌而做出的不同角度探析。經(jīng)過這樣三方面的論述,可以勾畫出豫東地區(qū)的商業(yè)地理面貌及形勢變化。在經(jīng)濟生活中分析地理空間分布,在地理空間中勾畫商業(yè)運行態(tài)勢。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, the economic development of the eastern plain of Henan Province was characterized by the transformation from ancient society to modern society. On the one hand, we still can't get rid of the old rickshaws, carriages and sailboats, and the economy is dominated by small peasant economy; on the other hand, under the background of semi-colonial environment, The pathological malformation with aggressive nature permeates all kinds of industries in East Henan Plain. As the largest plain in Henan Province, the eastern part of Henan Province has many advantages, such as flat and open terrain, developed land and water transportation, wide market between east and west, and so on. During the period of the Republic of China, driven by the railway, the eastern plain of Henan Province achieved more development momentum than other areas in the province in economic development, connecting the east and west with the inland and coastal areas, and connecting the north and the south to the economic belt of Beijing and Tianjin and the Yangtze River. Established the status of the province's economic center of gravity. The East Henan Plain follows the national development momentum, takes the eastern coast as the leading guide, vigorously develops the foreign trade, strengthens the economic relation with the coastal port day by day. At the same time, the internal industrial structure and social state also changed, the degree of commercialization increased, the proportion of cash crops was increased; the migration of people became more frequent and concentrated in the more commercial towns. As the economic hinterland of coastal ports, East Henan Plain can connect port cities representing advanced productive forces by railway. With the increasing of commercial interaction, the eastern plain of Henan Province, which is relatively close to the coastal port, has made more achievements than the remote areas. The development of economic situation has greatly changed the commercial geography of East Henan Plain. From 1920 to 1935, in a short period of 15 years, the interior of East Henan Plain changed. Zheng County, Xuchang, Luohe rose rapidly, Zhoukou's commercial trade declined obviously, the provincial capital Kaifeng also lost its former economic dominance. The commercial traffic in Henan Province was dominated by waterways in the late Qing Dynasty. Henan's four major water systems: the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Hanshui River, the Wei River, formed four water transportation hubs, namely "four famous towns": Zhu Xian, Zhoukou, Shunqi and Daokou. With the rise of the railway and the evolution of the Republic of China, the commercial towns in Henan changed from four famous towns to a railway hub, that is, 14 counties with "cities" set up in the late Republic of China. The eastern plain of Henan is a good microcosm in the rapid change of this commercial geography. The measurement of commercial scale and the external economic relationship are the key points to discuss the commercial development situation of East Henan Plain. The per capita purchasing power in eastern Henan reflects the level of regional commercial scale to a certain extent, and compared with the port cities in the north and south, we can make a discussion on the ownership of the hinterland in the eastern part of Henan. In addition, the change of economic status in Henan Province can directly reflect the speed and level of the development of East Henan Plain. All these are aimed at the business geography of this area and make different angle analysis. After such three aspects of the discussion, can outline the eastern part of the commercial geography and changes in the situation. Analyze the geographical space distribution in the economic life, outline the commercial operation situation in the geographical space.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F729

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