中國海關推進貿易便利化的政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-16 17:32
【摘要】：在國際貿易迅猛發(fā)展的今天,旨在簡化和協(xié)調貿易程序與手續(xù)的貿易便利化問題已成為國際社會共同關注的熱點議題和世界各國的共同訴求以及貿易協(xié)定的主要內容。作為一國進出境的監(jiān)管機關,海關在推進貿易便利化的過程中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重不可替代的作用,海關與跨境手續(xù)、跨境制度也被認為是貿易便利化問題的核心。近些年來,作為世界海關組織的重要成員,我國海關也在逐步重視對貿易便利化的推進,并采取了一系列的政策措施來推動貿易便利化。本文主要研究中國海關推進貿易便利化的相關政策及改進,主要研究內容及結論有:首先,在對海關推進貿易便利化的研究背景和相關文獻分析之后,對世界貿易組織、世界海關組織、亞太經(jīng)合組織等權威國際組織有關貿易便利化的研究內容及相關條約進行分析總結,在此基礎上選取指標構建貿易便利化指標體系并進行指標得分的計算,包括基礎設施、通關環(huán)境、規(guī)制環(huán)境及信息技術四個一級指標,每個一級指標下面對應若干相應二級指標。從2008年-2015年8年期間28個樣本國家的指標得分情況來看,新加坡的貿易便利化水平最高,且大部分發(fā)達國家的貿易便利化水平都屬于非常便利等級;包括中國在內的發(fā)展中國家和一些欠發(fā)達國家則多屬于一般便利水平;還有一些國家如菲律賓則是不夠便利水平。從8年的貿易便利化指數(shù)平均值來看,中國的貿易便利化水平排名不是很高,28個國家中排名第19位。其次,研究中國海關推進貿易便利化的具體政策。在對各國際協(xié)定如京都公約、全球貿易安全與便利標準框架及貿易便利化協(xié)定等中與海關有關的貿易便利化內容進行分析的基礎上,將中國海關貿易便利化政策分為兩大政策類別:海關通關監(jiān)管政策和海關內部治理政策,其中,海關通關監(jiān)管政策又包括區(qū)域通關一體化政策、分類通關政策、無紙化通關政策、單一窗口及內外部邊境機構合作政策,海關內部治理政策具體包含透明度提升政策、規(guī)范收費政策和管理體制完善政策,兩類政策相輔相成共同推進貿易便利化。再次,根據(jù)中國海關貿易便利化政策內容,選取包括通關環(huán)境指標、通關過程效率指標、進出口文件、進出口時間、進出口成本、規(guī)制環(huán)境、海關服務指數(shù)等各項政策衡量指標數(shù)據(jù),對中國海關推進貿易便利化政策的現(xiàn)狀及效果進行國際層面比較,除進出口成本指標外,其余指標都處于中等偏下的水平,部分指標位列最后幾位。進一步結合調查問卷對國內情況進行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國海關各項通關監(jiān)管政策仍需進一步推廣和完善,海關內部管理體制也有待進一步變革,與企業(yè)合作伙伴關系尚未真正建立,與國內其他邊境機構和國家海關合作不充分。接著仍然采用上述政策衡量指標,構建了面板數(shù)據(jù)引力模型,分別從國際和國內層面測算海關貿易便利化政策的影響。實證結果顯示,進出口國通關環(huán)境和規(guī)制環(huán)境的改善都將促進兩國之間出口額的增加;進出口國的通關時間、通關文件和通關成本則與兩國的出口額成反比,且各項指標彈性都比較大。說明海關貿易便利化政策的各項衡量指標,對于兩國之間出口貿易的影響是非常顯著的,海關應當通過改善通關環(huán)境和規(guī)制環(huán)境、減少通關文件、縮短通關時間和降低通關成本來提高貿易便利化水平,為進一步完善海關貿易便利化相關政策提供了依據(jù)。最后借鑒主要發(fā)達國家海關推進貿易便利化的相關經(jīng)驗,結合我國的實際情況,提出我國海關應從通過加強信息化建設、健全風險管理體制,完善分類通關政策,進一步推進區(qū)域通關一體化政策,加強國內各部門協(xié)作,加快建立真正的單一窗口,深化無紙化通關改革等政策途徑完善國內各項通關監(jiān)管政策、提升監(jiān)管效能;并通過轉變管理理念、增強服務意識,增強政策法規(guī)及管理措施的透明度和規(guī)范性,以推進貿易便利化為導向推動海關組織機構變革及完善人員管理和培養(yǎng)體制等完善海關內部治理政策,營造透明良好的海關環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Today, with the rapid development of international trade, the issue of trade facilitation aimed at simplifying and coordinating trade procedures and procedures has become a hot topic of common concern of the international community and the common demands of countries in the world as well as the main content of trade agreements. As a regulatory agency for a country's entry and exit, the customs have made the process of facilitating trade facilitation. With the important and irreplaceable role, the customs and cross-border formalities and cross-border systems are also considered to be the core of trade facilitation. In recent years, as an important member of the world customs organization, China's customs also gradually attaches importance to the promotion of trade facilitation and has adopted a series of policies and measures to facilitate trade facilitation. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: first, after the analysis of the research background and relevant literature on the promotion of trade facilitation by customs, the research on trade facilitation in the world trade organization, the World Customs Organization and the APEC and other authoritative international organizations On the basis of the analysis and summary of the related treaties, the index system of trade facilitation and the calculation of index scores are selected on this basis, including the infrastructure, the customs clearance, the regulation of the environment and information technology four first level indicators, each level under the indicators corresponding to a number of phase two indicators. From the 28 samples during the 8 years of 2008 -2015. In terms of the country's indicators, the level of trade facilitation in Singapore is the highest, and the level of trade facilitation in most developed countries is very convenient; the developing countries, including China, and some less developed countries are generally in the general convenience level; and some countries, such as Philippines, are not convenient. From the average value of the 8 year trade facilitation index, China's trade facilitation level is not very high, and the 28 countries are ranked nineteenth. Secondly, it studies the specific policies of China's customs to promote trade facilitation. In the international agreements, such as the Kyoto Convention, the global trade safety and convenience standard framework and trade facilitation agreements, and the sea On the basis of the related contents of trade facilitation, China's Customs Trade Facilitation policy is divided into two major policy categories: customs clearance supervision policy and customs internal governance policy. The customs clearance regulation policy includes regional customs clearance policy, classified customs clearance policy, paperless customs policy, single window and inside. The policy of external border organization cooperation, the internal governance policy of the customs includes the transparency and promotion policy, the regulation of the policy of charge and the perfect policy of the management system. The two kinds of policies complement each other to promote trade facilitation together. Export documents, import and export time, import and export cost, regulatory environment, customs service index and other policy measurement indicators, the status and effect of China Customs to promote trade facilitation policies are compared at the international level. In addition to import and export cost indicators, the rest of the indicators are at the middle level, and some of the indicators are in the last few. Further combined with the questionnaire, the domestic situation was analyzed. It was found that the customs clearance supervision policies in China still need to be further promoted and perfected. The internal management system of customs needs to be further changed, the partnership with enterprises has not been really established, and the cooperation with other domestic border agencies and national customs is inadequate. Using the above policy indicators, a panel data gravitational model is constructed to measure the influence of the Customs Trade Facilitation policy from the international and domestic levels. The empirical results show that the improvement of the customs clearance environment and the regulatory environment of the import and export countries will promote the increase of the export volume between the two countries; the customs clearance time, customs clearance documents and customs clearance of the import and export countries. This is inversely proportional to the export of the two countries, and the elasticity of each index is relatively large. It shows that the impact of the measures on the Customs Trade Facilitation policy is very significant for the export trade between the two countries. The customs should reduce the customs clearance documents, shorten the customs clearance time and reduce the customs clearance costs by improving the customs environment and regulating the environment. To improve the level of trade facilitation and provide the basis for further improving the relevant policies of Customs Trade Facilitation. At last, drawing on the relevant experiences of the customs of the major developed countries to promote trade facilitation, and combining with the actual situation of our country, it is suggested that our customs should improve the system of risk management and improve the policy of classified customs clearance through strengthening the construction of information technology. Further promoting the policy of regional customs integration, strengthening the cooperation of various departments in China, speeding up the establishment of a real single window, deepening the reform of paperless customs clearance and improving the regulatory policies of customs clearance in China, and improving the effectiveness of supervision, and enhancing the awareness of service and transparency of policies and regulations and management measures by changing management concepts. In order to promote trade facilitation, promote the reform of the Customs Organization, improve the personnel management and training system, improve the internal governance policy of the customs, and create a transparent and good customs environment.
【學位授予單位】：對外經(jīng)濟貿易大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F752.5
，
本文編號：2127110
[Abstract]:Today, with the rapid development of international trade, the issue of trade facilitation aimed at simplifying and coordinating trade procedures and procedures has become a hot topic of common concern of the international community and the common demands of countries in the world as well as the main content of trade agreements. As a regulatory agency for a country's entry and exit, the customs have made the process of facilitating trade facilitation. With the important and irreplaceable role, the customs and cross-border formalities and cross-border systems are also considered to be the core of trade facilitation. In recent years, as an important member of the world customs organization, China's customs also gradually attaches importance to the promotion of trade facilitation and has adopted a series of policies and measures to facilitate trade facilitation. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: first, after the analysis of the research background and relevant literature on the promotion of trade facilitation by customs, the research on trade facilitation in the world trade organization, the World Customs Organization and the APEC and other authoritative international organizations On the basis of the analysis and summary of the related treaties, the index system of trade facilitation and the calculation of index scores are selected on this basis, including the infrastructure, the customs clearance, the regulation of the environment and information technology four first level indicators, each level under the indicators corresponding to a number of phase two indicators. From the 28 samples during the 8 years of 2008 -2015. In terms of the country's indicators, the level of trade facilitation in Singapore is the highest, and the level of trade facilitation in most developed countries is very convenient; the developing countries, including China, and some less developed countries are generally in the general convenience level; and some countries, such as Philippines, are not convenient. From the average value of the 8 year trade facilitation index, China's trade facilitation level is not very high, and the 28 countries are ranked nineteenth. Secondly, it studies the specific policies of China's customs to promote trade facilitation. In the international agreements, such as the Kyoto Convention, the global trade safety and convenience standard framework and trade facilitation agreements, and the sea On the basis of the related contents of trade facilitation, China's Customs Trade Facilitation policy is divided into two major policy categories: customs clearance supervision policy and customs internal governance policy. The customs clearance regulation policy includes regional customs clearance policy, classified customs clearance policy, paperless customs policy, single window and inside. The policy of external border organization cooperation, the internal governance policy of the customs includes the transparency and promotion policy, the regulation of the policy of charge and the perfect policy of the management system. The two kinds of policies complement each other to promote trade facilitation together. Export documents, import and export time, import and export cost, regulatory environment, customs service index and other policy measurement indicators, the status and effect of China Customs to promote trade facilitation policies are compared at the international level. In addition to import and export cost indicators, the rest of the indicators are at the middle level, and some of the indicators are in the last few. Further combined with the questionnaire, the domestic situation was analyzed. It was found that the customs clearance supervision policies in China still need to be further promoted and perfected. The internal management system of customs needs to be further changed, the partnership with enterprises has not been really established, and the cooperation with other domestic border agencies and national customs is inadequate. Using the above policy indicators, a panel data gravitational model is constructed to measure the influence of the Customs Trade Facilitation policy from the international and domestic levels. The empirical results show that the improvement of the customs clearance environment and the regulatory environment of the import and export countries will promote the increase of the export volume between the two countries; the customs clearance time, customs clearance documents and customs clearance of the import and export countries. This is inversely proportional to the export of the two countries, and the elasticity of each index is relatively large. It shows that the impact of the measures on the Customs Trade Facilitation policy is very significant for the export trade between the two countries. The customs should reduce the customs clearance documents, shorten the customs clearance time and reduce the customs clearance costs by improving the customs environment and regulating the environment. To improve the level of trade facilitation and provide the basis for further improving the relevant policies of Customs Trade Facilitation. At last, drawing on the relevant experiences of the customs of the major developed countries to promote trade facilitation, and combining with the actual situation of our country, it is suggested that our customs should improve the system of risk management and improve the policy of classified customs clearance through strengthening the construction of information technology. Further promoting the policy of regional customs integration, strengthening the cooperation of various departments in China, speeding up the establishment of a real single window, deepening the reform of paperless customs clearance and improving the regulatory policies of customs clearance in China, and improving the effectiveness of supervision, and enhancing the awareness of service and transparency of policies and regulations and management measures by changing management concepts. In order to promote trade facilitation, promote the reform of the Customs Organization, improve the personnel management and training system, improve the internal governance policy of the customs, and create a transparent and good customs environment.
【學位授予單位】：對外經(jīng)濟貿易大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F752.5
，
本文編號：2127110
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