本文選題：環(huán)境規(guī)制 + 出口貿(mào)易�。� 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：加入WTO以來,我國(guó)的出口貿(mào)易得到了極大的發(fā)展,為我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)高速的增長(zhǎng)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。然而,隨著對(duì)外貿(mào)易的急速擴(kuò)張,我國(guó)所面臨的環(huán)境污染問題也日益嚴(yán)峻。傳統(tǒng)的粗放型、資源消耗型的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式帶來的弊端與日俱增,使工業(yè)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)間的矛盾日益突出。另一方面,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家不斷提高的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入門檻,限制了發(fā)展中國(guó)家有效的參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作,隨著我國(guó)貿(mào)易依存度的不斷提高,將會(huì)面對(duì)越來越多與環(huán)境有關(guān)的貿(mào)易摩擦。通過積極合理的環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)出口貿(mào)易的負(fù)外部性加以約束已迫在眉睫。在此背景下,本文基于行業(yè)的角度,從理論與實(shí)證兩方面深入地考察了環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)不同污染強(qiáng)度的行業(yè)出口貿(mào)易影響的異質(zhì)性。在理論研究方面,本文分別從環(huán)境成本、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)視角,分析了環(huán)境規(guī)制影響出口貿(mào)易的機(jī)制,得出結(jié)論:在靜態(tài)模式下,環(huán)境規(guī)制會(huì)使生產(chǎn)成本增加、生產(chǎn)率降低,導(dǎo)致出口貿(mào)易規(guī)模下降、貿(mào)易條件惡化;而若將環(huán)境規(guī)制與出口貿(mào)易的關(guān)系放在動(dòng)態(tài)的框架中來看,適當(dāng)?shù)沫h(huán)境規(guī)制會(huì)刺激企業(yè)進(jìn)行技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí),從而降低生產(chǎn)成本、提高生產(chǎn)率,產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中的出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力增強(qiáng),進(jìn)而增加企業(yè)的出口貿(mào)易額�；谠摻Y(jié)論,本文建立了兩個(gè)實(shí)證模型,就環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)制造業(yè)整體與輕度、中度、重度污染型行業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的實(shí)際影響進(jìn)行了估計(jì)。其中模型1僅以環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度作為解釋變量,單獨(dú)考察了其對(duì)出口貿(mào)易的影響;而模型2中引入環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度與全要素生產(chǎn)率的交叉項(xiàng)作為解釋變量,用以驗(yàn)證環(huán)境規(guī)制是否通過改變生產(chǎn)率來間接影響出口貿(mào)易。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)除重度污染型行業(yè)外,全部制造業(yè)、輕度與中度污染型行業(yè)的環(huán)境規(guī)制均通過改變生產(chǎn)率來對(duì)其出口貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生間接影響;(2)環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)出口貿(mào)易的影響存在明顯的行業(yè)異質(zhì)性,輕度與中度污染型行業(yè)的環(huán)境規(guī)制與出口間呈“U”型關(guān)系,但重度污染型行業(yè)卻呈現(xiàn)倒“U”型曲線;(3)制造業(yè)傳統(tǒng)影響因素對(duì)出口貿(mào)易的影響也存在行業(yè)異質(zhì)性,各行業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的影響因素與影響效果不盡相同,需要區(qū)別對(duì)待。
[Abstract]:Since China's entry into WTO, China's export trade has been greatly developed, which has made a great contribution to the sustained and rapid growth of our national economy. However, with the rapid expansion of foreign trade, China is facing increasingly serious environmental pollution problems. The traditional extensive and resource-consuming economic development model brings more and more disadvantages, which makes the contradiction between industrial development and environmental protection more and more prominent. On the other hand, the increasing threshold of market access of developed countries limits the effective participation of developing countries in international competition and cooperation. With the increasing degree of dependence on trade in China, more and more trade frictions related to environment will be faced. It is urgent to restrict the negative externality of export trade through positive and reasonable environmental regulation. In this context, this paper, based on the industry perspective, from the theoretical and empirical aspects of the impact of environmental regulation on different pollution intensity of the industry export trade heterogeneity. In theoretical research, this paper analyzes the mechanism of environmental regulation influencing export trade from three perspectives of environmental cost, technological innovation and industrial structure, and concludes that environmental regulation will increase production cost under static mode. If the relationship between environmental regulation and export trade is put in a dynamic framework, appropriate environmental regulation will stimulate enterprises to carry out technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading. In order to reduce production costs, improve productivity, enhance the export competitiveness of products in the international market, and then increase the export trade volume of enterprises. Based on this conclusion, this paper establishes two empirical models, and estimates the actual impact of environmental regulation on the overall, mild, moderate and heavy pollution industries' export trade. Model 1 only takes the intensity of environmental regulation as the explanatory variable and investigates its impact on export trade separately, while model 2 introduces the cross term between environmental regulation intensity and total factor productivity as the explanatory variable. To verify whether environmental regulation indirectly affects export trade by changing productivity. The main results of the study are as follows: (1) with the exception of heavy polluting industries, all manufacturing industries, Environmental regulation of mild and moderate pollution-type industries has an indirect effect on export trade by changing productivity.) there is obvious industry heterogeneity in the impact of environmental regulation on export trade. There is a "U" relationship between environmental regulation and export in mild and moderate pollution-type industries, but a "U-shaped" curve in heavy pollution-type industries. (3) the influence of traditional factors of manufacturing on export trade is also heterogeneous. The influencing factors and effects of export trade in different industries are different and need to be treated differently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F752.62

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