本文選題：稀土　切入點(diǎn)：出口政策　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：2012年3月,美國聯(lián)合歐盟和日本,就中國對稀土等部分原材料的出口限制向WTO提起了貿(mào)易申訴。2014年8月7日,世界貿(mào)易組織公布了“稀土案”結(jié)果,判決中國敗訴。那么我國的出口管制政策到底效果如何,下一步又該如何調(diào)整,是擺在我們面前迫切需要解決的問題。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,中國政府實(shí)施了稀土出口管制政策。本文使用供給、需求彈性理論分析出口管制政策對國際稀土市場的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),短期內(nèi)價(jià)格彈性低,出口管制政策提高了稀土價(jià)格；長期內(nèi),價(jià)格彈性提高,出口管制政策提高了其他國家稀土產(chǎn)量,稀土價(jià)格下降。稀土國際市場現(xiàn)實(shí)證實(shí)了以上發(fā)現(xiàn)。稀土出口管制政策長期失效以及“稀土案”的敗訴迫切要求我國對稀土管理體制做出調(diào)整。本文首先從理論上分析征收關(guān)稅對出口價(jià)格的影響,然后引用不完全競爭垂直市場價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)移模型,分析上游稀土企業(yè)征收資源稅對出口價(jià)格的影響,通過關(guān)稅與資源稅對出口價(jià)格影響的對比,探究資源稅與關(guān)稅的替代性。結(jié)果表明,在國外需求彈性不變的條件下,稀土的供給彈性越大,關(guān)稅的轉(zhuǎn)嫁幅度越大,和現(xiàn)有關(guān)稅政策具有等價(jià)作用的資源稅稅率與我國的稀土供給彈性、稀土生產(chǎn)市場勢力和出口市場勢力有關(guān)。其他條件不變,國內(nèi)稀土原材料供給壟斷勢力越強(qiáng),與出口關(guān)稅等價(jià)的資源稅率越高；稀土產(chǎn)品出口商壟斷勢力越強(qiáng),與出口關(guān)稅等價(jià)的資源稅率越低；稀土生產(chǎn)商壟斷勢力越弱,與出口關(guān)稅等價(jià)的資源稅率越低。建議我國政府用資源稅政策替代關(guān)稅政策,提高稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度和縱向一體化水平,加大稀土應(yīng)用研發(fā)技術(shù)投入并鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略。
[Abstract]:In March 2012, the United States, in conjunction with the European Union and Japan, filed a trade complaint with the WTO over China's export restrictions on some raw materials, including rare earths. On August 7, 2014, the World Trade Organization announced the results of the rare Earth case and ruled against China.So what is the effect of our export control policy and how to adjust it next is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in front of us.In order to realize the sustainable development of rare earth industry, the Chinese government has implemented the rare earth export control policy.In this paper, supply and demand elasticity theory is used to analyze the influence of export control policy on the international rare earth market.The study found that the price elasticity was low in the short term and the export control policy raised the price of rare earths. In the long run, the price elasticity increased, and the export control policy increased the output of rare earths in other countries, and the price of rare earths fell.Rare earth international market reality confirmed the above findings.The long-term invalidation of rare earth export control policy and the defeat of rare earth case require our country to adjust the rare earth management system.In this paper, the influence of levying tariff on export price is analyzed theoretically, and then the effect of resource tax on export price by upstream rare earth enterprises is analyzed by using the price transfer model of incomplete competition vertical market.Through the comparison of tariff and resource tax on export price, this paper explores the substitution of resource tax and tariff.The results show that under the condition of constant demand elasticity abroad, the greater the supply elasticity of rare earth is, the greater the transfer of tariff is, and the resource tax rate, which is equivalent to the existing tariff policy, is equal to the supply elasticity of rare earths in China.Rare earth production market forces and export market forces related.The other conditions are unchanged, the stronger the monopoly power of the supply of rare-earth raw materials, the higher the resource tax rate which is equivalent to the export tariff, the stronger the monopoly power of the exporters of rare earth products, the lower the resource tax rate which is equivalent to the export tariff.The weaker the monopoly of rare earth producers, the lower the resource tax rate equivalent to export tariffs.It is suggested that our government should replace the tariff policy with the resource tax policy, improve the concentration of rare earth industry and the level of vertical integration, increase the investment in the application of rare earth research and development technology and encourage enterprises to carry out the "going out" strategy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F426;F752.62

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