本文關(guān)鍵詞： 文化產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易 集約邊際 擴(kuò)展邊際 文化距離 擴(kuò)展引力模型　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展和各國經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流的逐步深化,文化產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易已成為當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易的一種不可或缺的重要形式。近年來,中國的文化產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易規(guī)模增長迅速,2014年,我國文化產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易總規(guī)模高達(dá)549.28億美元,其中,向世界出口的文化產(chǎn)品總額達(dá)483.39億美元。文化產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易,已成為中國拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的新引擎和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要支柱,也被"十三五"規(guī)劃納入國家戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃。在中國文化產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易中,出口占據(jù)著舉足輕重的地位,因此,研究文化產(chǎn)品出口增長的二元邊際及其決定因素,對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和文化軟實(shí)力增強(qiáng)都具有極為重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文基于異質(zhì)性企業(yè)貿(mào)易理論框架,選取2005-2014年的中國文化產(chǎn)品出口數(shù)據(jù),分析了中國文化產(chǎn)品的出口特征,在此基礎(chǔ)上對其二元邊際進(jìn)行測算,并利用擴(kuò)展的引力模型實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)其決定因素。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容包括:首先,本文通過回顧國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),Melitz(2003)首次提出的異質(zhì)性企業(yè)貿(mào)易理論為研究一國貿(mào)易的二元邊際奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ),大量學(xué)者基于此對二元邊際的相關(guān)問題展開了探究,但是關(guān)于中國文化產(chǎn)品出口增長的二元邊際的研究甚少,因此,針對這一問題的研究仍有較大空間和價(jià)值。然后,本文分析了中國文化產(chǎn)品的出口特征并測算了其二元邊際,通過收集和整理HS-6位數(shù)的產(chǎn)品層面數(shù)據(jù),作者發(fā)現(xiàn)近年來中國文化產(chǎn)品的出口規(guī)模雖然增長迅速,但是貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)與貿(mào)易布局不盡合理,表現(xiàn)在文化產(chǎn)品的出口種類和出口市場過于集中,視覺藝術(shù)和手工藝類產(chǎn)品在文化產(chǎn)品總出口規(guī)模中的占比達(dá)40%,向美國和香港出口的文化產(chǎn)品總額約為出口總規(guī)模的一半。其次,本文采用了 Hummels和Klenow(2005)的方法測算出中國向世界及主要貿(mào)易伙伴國和地區(qū)出口文化產(chǎn)品的二元邊際值,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),中國文化產(chǎn)品的出口增長主要依靠集約邊際的帶動(dòng)作用,即出口增長以量取勝,呈現(xiàn)出"粗放型"的增長模式,這種增長模式容易受到外部因素的影響。最后,本文利用擴(kuò)展的引力模型實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了中國文化產(chǎn)品出口增長的二元邊際的決定因素。本文對文化距離的量化采用了 Hofstede的文化維度理論,并利用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)研究,考察了雙邊經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模、地理距離、文化距離、出口國文化產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)率、匯率、固定貿(mào)易成本和外部沖擊等因素對中國文化產(chǎn)品出口增長的二元邊際的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)雙邊文化距離對中國文化產(chǎn)品出口的集約邊際存在負(fù)面影響,而對擴(kuò)展邊際無影響,即兩國間文化距離的擴(kuò)大對中國文化產(chǎn)品出口的量的擴(kuò)張具有阻礙作用;(2)雙邊經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模、地理距離、文化距離、匯率、外部沖擊對集約邊際存在顯著影響,而雙邊經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模、匯率、固定貿(mào)易成本對擴(kuò)展邊際存在顯著影響。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,本文針對性地提出了 "提升文化認(rèn)同度,加強(qiáng)文化創(chuàng)新"等四點(diǎn)政策建議,以期為我國提升文化軟實(shí)力、打造文化強(qiáng)國提供參考意見。
[Abstract]:With the gradual deepening of the development of world economy and the world economic and cultural exchanges, cultural trade has become an important indispensable form of current international trade. In recent years, the scale of China cultural products trade is growing rapidly, in 2014, the total size of China's cultural products trade reached US $54 billion 928 million, the total amount of cultural products to the world exports amounted to $48 billion 339 million. Trade in cultural products, has become an important pillar of economic growth China pull new engine and the national economy, also is the "13th Five-Year" plan into the national strategic planning. In the Chinese cultural products trade, export occupies a pivotal position, therefore, two yuan margin and the determinants of growth of cultural products export, has very important practical significance for China's economic growth and enhance the cultural soft power. The heterogeneous enterprise trade theory based on, China cultural products export data from 2005-2014 years, analyzed the characteristics of Chinese export of cultural products, on the basis of the binary marginal estimates, and using empirical extended gravity model to test the determinants. The main contents of this paper include: firstly, this article reviews the related literature at home and abroad, Melitz (2003) for the first time put forward the heterogeneous enterprise trade theory lays a solid theoretical foundation for the study of a country's trade two yuan margin, a large number of scholars on this two yuan of marginal issues related to research, but research on two yuan margin China cultural products export growth is very little, therefore, there is still a large space for research and value this problem. Then, this paper analyzes the characteristics of Chinese export of cultural products and measure the second element marginal product level, through the data collection and collation of HS-6 bits, as Researchers found that in recent years China cultural products exports despite rapid growth, but the trade structure and trade layout is not reasonable, performance is too focused on the cultural products export variety and export market, visual arts and crafts products accounted for 40% of total exports in the scale of cultural products, cultural products to the United States and Hongkong total exports about half of the total export scale. Secondly, this paper uses Hummels and Klenow (2005) method to calculate the Chinese exports to the world and the main trade partners and regional cultural products two yuan marginal value, the results show that China cultural products export growth mainly depends on the leading role of the intensive margin, namely to export growth quantity, showing the extensive growth pattern, this pattern of growth is easily affected by external factors. Finally, this paper use empirical extended gravity model to test the China Two yuan marginal determinants of growth of cultural products export. This paper uses the cultural dimensions theory Hofstede to quantify the cultural distance, and make empirical research using random effects model, examines the bilateral economic scale, geographical distance, cultural distance, the export of China's cultural products trade fixed exchange rate, productivity, cost and external factors such as the impact of Chinese cultural products export growth of two yuan of marginal effects. The results show that: (1) the bilateral cultural distance on the China cultural products export intensive margin has a negative impact on the marginal expansion, no influence, expand the cultural distance between the two countries to Chinese cultural products exports have hindered the expansion; (2) the bilateral economic scale, geographical distance, cultural distance, exchange rate, external shocks on the intensive marginal significant effect, while the bilateral economic scale, fixed exchange rate, trade cost of marginal expansion There are significant impacts. Based on this, this paper puts forward four policy recommendations, such as "enhancing cultural identity and strengthening cultural innovation", so as to provide references for our country to enhance cultural soft power and build a strong cultural power.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G124;F752.62

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