本文關鍵詞： 萬開云地區(qū) 場市 時空演變 場鎮(zhèn) 平面組織形態(tài)　出處：《上海師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文是一項以聚落為視角、以場市為研究對象的區(qū)域歷史人文地理研究。本文總體的框架設計是由宏觀及微觀,主要從時空分布、場市要素和場市形態(tài)三方面探究清至民國萬開云地區(qū)場市的時空演變。在本文的第一部分,首先討論店子的問題及其與場市之間的關系,如下兩點基本認識:其一,店子的存在可與場市相互補充,甚至在場市產(chǎn)生之前,一度替代場市來滿足當?shù)孛癖姷幕窘灰仔枨�。其�?店子的先行存在往往會成為開設場市的基礎。然后就明代以前場市的概況進行追溯,并通過清至民國時期的地方志、地理考察報告等文獻對該地區(qū)的場市的發(fā)展脈絡、數(shù)量、分布特征加以探討,可以得出:其一,萬開云地區(qū)的場市數(shù)經(jīng)過兩百年由乾隆初期的23個逐步增長到20世紀40年代末的216個;其二,萬開云地區(qū)的場市主要沿溪河分布,北疏南密,東稀西密,這與地貌密切相關;其三,三縣的幅員面積大致相當,而萬縣的場市密度高于開縣、云陽二縣。地貌、稻作農(nóng)業(yè)、井鹽、交通等因素對場市的分布格局的作用和影響,一同造就了該地區(qū)場市的分布格局。本文的第二部分是對與場市息息相關的倡建人、場名、場期和服務人口規(guī)模等要素的具體分析。筆者循著“倡建人-擬定場名-約定場期-場市發(fā)展集聚人口”的邏輯思路,以場市的倡建人、場名、場期和人口規(guī)模等四方面對場市本身作出一些定性和定量的論述,以期從中歸納出一些萬開云地區(qū)場市的類型特質。作為地方有資望者的戴華萬帶領民眾復興故陵鎮(zhèn)的故事,雖為一特例,卻有著其內在行為邏輯,即有資望者的倡議和領導往往是一個地方開設場市的起點。對于場名、場期、人口規(guī)模的分析,可知萬開云地區(qū)的場市的場名多以既有地名為名,流傳于今的亦如是,場期多一旬三場和百日場,而人口除了如云安鎮(zhèn)、溫湯井等千戶巨鎮(zhèn)外,多為數(shù)十戶至數(shù)百戶不等的百戶場市。本文的第三部分是微觀視角的探究。經(jīng)過對萬開云地區(qū)各場鎮(zhèn)所處的地貌情況的考察,結論為:本區(qū)場鎮(zhèn)多產(chǎn)生于河谷地帶的沖積階地或平壩,與第一部分中“河向性”結論是一致的,不過亦有少數(shù)受交通線路的影響分布于山間埡口或山嶺頂部的交通線上。除小江各支流、湯溪的一段外,盡管本區(qū)長江南北兩岸均不能行船,但由于本區(qū)的交通網(wǎng)絡基本與河流水網(wǎng)同構,河谷地帶兼有地貌、農(nóng)業(yè)、人口、交通等區(qū)位優(yōu)勢,自當為本區(qū)大部分場鎮(zhèn)的密集分布區(qū)。至于場鎮(zhèn)的平面組織形態(tài),蓋以線性形態(tài)為主,普通場鎮(zhèn)多呈現(xiàn)出街村形態(tài),“夾道設鋪,沿道展布”。從場鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)育程度來看,本地區(qū)場鎮(zhèn)總體以二維線性型為主,足見地貌和交通路線對于其外部形態(tài)影響甚為深遠。通過對場鎮(zhèn)上祠廟的分布和職能的分析,得出結論:場鎮(zhèn)不僅是一方的經(jīng)濟中心地,同時還具有文化中心地的職能,其實現(xiàn)主要通過建于場鎮(zhèn)上的祠廟及附著于其上的義學來實現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:This paper is a study of regional historical human geography from the perspective of settlement and the study of market. The overall frame of this paper is designed by macro and micro, mainly from the distribution of time and space. In the first part of this paper, the author discusses the relationship between the shop and the market and the relationship between the shop and the market. The following two basic understandings: first, the existence of stores and the market can complement each other, even before the presence of the market, once replaced the market to meet the basic needs of local people. The first existence of shops will often become the basis of opening market. Then the general situation of the market before the Ming Dynasty was traced and through the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period of local records. Geographical investigation reports and other documents on the development of the local market context, quantity, distribution characteristics are discussed, can be drawn: first. The number of markets in Wankayun area increased gradually from 23 in the early Qianlong period to 216 at the end of 1940s after two hundred years; Secondly, the market in Wankayun area mainly distributes along the stream, north is sparse and south is dense, east is dilute and west is dense, which is closely related to geomorphology; Third, the area of the three counties is about the same, and the density of the field and market in Wanxian is higher than that in Kaixian, Yunyang, Yunyang, the geomorphology, rice farming agriculture, well salt, traffic and other factors affect the distribution pattern of the field and market. The second part of this paper is about the field name, which is closely related to the market. The author follows the logical thinking of "advocate constructor-draw up field name-contract field period-field market development agglomeration population", take the advocate of market market, field name. The market itself is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively from the four aspects of field period and population scale. With a view to sum up some of the local Kaiyun area market characteristics of the type. As a local asset Dai Huawan led the people to revive the town, although a special case, but has its inherent behavioral logic. That is, the initiative and leadership of people with assets is often the starting point of a place to open a market market. For the market name, market period, population scale analysis, we can see that the market name of Kaiyun area is mostly named by the existing place names. Spread in the same way today, the field more than 10 days and a hundred days, and the population in addition to Yunan Town, Wentang well and other thousands of large towns. The third part of this paper is the microscopic perspective of the exploration. Through the investigation of the geomorphological situation of each town in Wankaiyun area. The conclusion is that the alluvial terraces or flat dams in the valley are the most common in this area, which is consistent with the conclusion of "river direction" in the first part. However, a few are affected by traffic lines in the Shanjiangya pass or on the top of the mountain. Except for the tributaries of Xiaojiang and the section of Tangxi, even though the two sides of the Yangtze River in this area are not allowed to sail on either side of the river. However, because the traffic network in this area is basically the same as the river network, the river valley has the advantages of landform, agriculture, population, transportation and so on. As for the plane organization of the town, the main form of the cover is linear, and the common town mostly presents the street and village form, "the street is paved." The distribution along the road ". From the development degree of Changzhen, the whole Changzhen in this area is mainly of two-dimensional linear type. Through the analysis of the distribution and function of the temple and temple in Changzhen, it is concluded that Changzhen is not only the economic center of one side. At the same time, it has the function of cultural center, which is mainly realized by the temple built in the town and the science of righteousness attached to it.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F729;K29

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