【摘要】：十八屆三中全會(huì)發(fā)布《全面深化改革若干問(wèn)題的決定》明確提出發(fā)展普惠金融，國(guó)內(nèi)各商業(yè)銀行也探索建立社區(qū)銀行的路徑以實(shí)現(xiàn)差異化經(jīng)營(yíng)；隨著中國(guó)銀監(jiān)會(huì)的《關(guān)于中小商業(yè)銀行設(shè)立社區(qū)支行、小微支行有關(guān)事項(xiàng)的通知》文件的出臺(tái)，標(biāo)志著規(guī)范發(fā)展我國(guó)社區(qū)銀行的工作正式啟動(dòng)，探究中國(guó)社區(qū)銀行發(fā)展路徑具有理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值。 社區(qū)銀行是通過(guò)關(guān)系型貸款為當(dāng)?shù)氐男∥⑵髽I(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和社區(qū)居民提供綜合金融服務(wù)的法人或者非法人的具有一定服務(wù)特色的商業(yè)銀行組織機(jī)構(gòu)。本文在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)“社區(qū)銀行”的研究和文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行歸納和分析的基礎(chǔ)上，界定“社區(qū)銀行”基本含義和一般經(jīng)營(yíng)特點(diǎn)；以關(guān)系型借貸理論為基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)美國(guó)社區(qū)銀行的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析，進(jìn)一步論社區(qū)銀行對(duì)小微企業(yè)的作用；在借鑒美國(guó)社區(qū)銀行發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)和分析美國(guó)富國(guó)銀行（社區(qū)銀行典型案例）的基礎(chǔ)上，探討中國(guó)社區(qū)銀行與小微企業(yè)的關(guān)系。本文采用比較分析與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的研究方法，在歸納社區(qū)銀行與大型商業(yè)銀行在組織結(jié)構(gòu)、市場(chǎng)定位、經(jīng)營(yíng)模式等方面有著明顯的區(qū)別的同時(shí)，探討中國(guó)發(fā)展社區(qū)銀行的路徑選擇。 本文認(rèn)為：（1）社區(qū)銀行在開(kāi)展小微企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)與大型商業(yè)銀行相比較，具有成本較低的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，未來(lái)我國(guó)金融格局可以逐漸發(fā)展為大型商業(yè)銀行專(zhuān)門(mén)為大公司提供貸款，小型社區(qū)銀行專(zhuān)門(mén)提供小企業(yè)貸款，可以降低全社會(huì)總體的融資成本；（2）社區(qū)銀行與小微企業(yè)之間存在良性的互利共贏關(guān)系，我國(guó)社區(qū)銀行應(yīng)在營(yíng)銷(xiāo)模式、產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與客戶(hù)保持良好溝通等方面開(kāi)展自己特殊業(yè)務(wù)；（3）增量還是存量發(fā)展是我國(guó)社區(qū)銀行的路徑選擇的問(wèn)題，目前還在探路和摸索階段，，各有其優(yōu)劣，相比較而言，城商行改造是比較好的途徑；（4）針對(duì)我國(guó)社區(qū)銀行監(jiān)管，一方面以完善存款保險(xiǎn)制度和防范社區(qū)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的為基礎(chǔ)，另一方面還可以借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家做法完善相應(yīng)法規(guī)和建立社區(qū)銀行的行業(yè)自律組織。
[Abstract]:The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee issued the decision on deepening the Reform in an All-round way, which clearly proposed the development of inclusive finance, and domestic commercial banks also explored the path of establishing community banks in order to realize differentiated management. With the issuance of the CBRC's notice on the Establishment of Community Sub-branches and small Sub-branches of small and Medium-sized Commercial Banks, which marks the official start of the work of standardizing the development of community banks in China, Exploring the development path of Chinese community bank has theoretical significance and practical value. Community bank is a kind of commercial bank organization with certain service characteristics which provides comprehensive financial services to local small and micro enterprises, agriculture and community residents through relational loans. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the research and literature about "community bank" at home and abroad, this paper defines the basic meaning and general operating characteristics of "community bank", based on the theory of relational lending. Based on the empirical analysis of the data of American community banks, this paper further discusses the role of community banks in small and micro enterprises, on the basis of drawing lessons from the development experience of American community banks and analyzing American Wells Fargo Bank (typical cases of community banks). This paper discusses the relationship between Chinese community banks and small and micro enterprises. In this paper, the comparative analysis and empirical analysis are used to summarize the differences between community banks and large commercial banks in organizational structure, market positioning, business model, and so on. Discuss the path choice of developing community bank in China. This paper holds that: (1) compared with large commercial banks, community banks have the advantages of low cost when they develop small and micro enterprise loan business. In the future, the financial structure of our country can be gradually developed into large commercial banks to provide loans for large companies. Small community banks provide loans to small enterprises, which can reduce the overall financing cost of the whole society. (2) there is a benign win-win relationship between community banks and small and micro enterprises. (3) incremental or stock development is the problem of the path choice of community banks in our country. At present, it is still in the stage of exploring and groping, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. (4) in view of the supervision of community banks in China, on the one hand, it is based on perfecting the deposit insurance system and preventing the management risks of the community banks. On the other hand, we can learn from the practices of developed countries to perfect the relevant laws and regulations and establish the industry self-discipline organization of community banks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.3;F837.12

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