本文選題：美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì) + 金融化　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái),全球金融業(yè)開(kāi)始迅速崛起,尤其是80年代以后,美國(guó)的金融行業(yè)經(jīng)歷了快速發(fā)展的階段,金融交易規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融的關(guān)系日益密切。隨著金融發(fā)展越來(lái)越深入,“金融化(Financialization)"這一概念也隨之被提出。 美國(guó)的金融化進(jìn)程在80年代里根經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的刺激下加速發(fā)展,金融部門的力量不斷發(fā)展壯大,其利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)速度、就業(yè)人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)均超過(guò)其他經(jīng)濟(jì)部門,金融機(jī)構(gòu)信貸規(guī)模擴(kuò)大了近26倍,金融行業(yè)對(duì)GDP的貢獻(xiàn)程度也幾乎翻了一番。同時(shí),不管是個(gè)人消費(fèi)者還是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的其他非金融部門,對(duì)金融部門和金融市場(chǎng)的依賴性越來(lái)越大,1970年至2012年個(gè)人消費(fèi)貸款增長(zhǎng)了21倍,非金融部門源于金融市場(chǎng)的收入增長(zhǎng)了52倍,而同期營(yíng)業(yè)收入僅增長(zhǎng)了14倍。由此可見(jiàn),經(jīng)過(guò)40年的發(fā)展,金融化在美國(guó)已經(jīng)頗為深入。 與美國(guó)的金融化發(fā)展相伴隨的是收入差距的不斷擴(kuò)大。1970年以來(lái),美國(guó)家庭的基尼系數(shù)增長(zhǎng)了21%,財(cái)富也越來(lái)越聚集于少數(shù)富裕家庭。很多學(xué)者對(duì)產(chǎn)生這種收入不平等的原因進(jìn)行了分析和解釋,原因涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、全球化、技術(shù)進(jìn)步、工會(huì)力量等各方面,甚少關(guān)注金融化這一因素,大部分研究金融化對(duì)收入不平等影響的文獻(xiàn)也是著眼于世界范圍內(nèi)不同國(guó)家之間的比較,尤其是針對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家,對(duì)美國(guó)的專門研究較少。 然而,美國(guó)金融化的發(fā)展和基尼系數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)在時(shí)間上的吻合不容忽視,因此,本文選擇將金融化這一因素引入到收入不平等的研究中來(lái)。論文在分析美國(guó)金融化現(xiàn)狀和整理相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)定性方法分析了金融化對(duì)收入不平等的影響途徑以及可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,得出了金融化與收入不平等可能存在非線性關(guān)系的假設(shè)。為了對(duì)這一假設(shè)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,本文選取1970-2012年的時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù),利用誤差修正模型對(duì)金融化與收入不平等的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了實(shí)證檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果證明美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)金融化與收入不平等之間存在倒“U”型關(guān)系,這與定性分析的結(jié)論相一致。 本文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下：第一章分析了研究背景,提出了金融化的定義,即金融部門在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)中的重要性逐步提高和非金融部門越來(lái)越多的參與金融活動(dòng),同時(shí)也論述了本文的研究思路和方法等；第二章對(duì)金融化相關(guān)理論以及文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了整理和評(píng)價(jià),集中在對(duì)外文文獻(xiàn)的梳理；第三章剖析了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)金融化的現(xiàn)狀,并從理論上分析了金融化對(duì)收入不平等產(chǎn)生影響的途徑和影響結(jié)果；第四章針對(duì)第三章得出的定性分析結(jié)果,運(yùn)用時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)和誤差修正模型對(duì)金融化與收入不平等之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果證明,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的金融化與收入不平等之間呈倒“U”型關(guān)系。第五章為總結(jié)部分,對(duì)論文結(jié)論進(jìn)行總結(jié)的同時(shí),簡(jiǎn)要分析了中國(guó)的金融化趨勢(shì)以及可以從美國(guó)借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和啟示。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s , the global financial industry has begun to rise rapidly , especially since the 1980s , the financial industry of the United States has experienced rapid development , the scale of financial transactions is expanding , and the relationship between economy and finance has become more and more closely . With the deepening of financial development , the concept of Financial alization is also put forward . The American financial process accelerated development under the stimulus of Reagan ' s economic policy in the 1980s , the power of the financial sector grew , its profit grew faster , the number of employment grew more than nearly 26 times , and the financial sector ' s contribution to GDP was almost doubled . At the same time , the financial sector ' s contribution to GDP grew by 21 times , while the non - financial sector grew by a factor of 14 times in 1970 - 2012 . From this , the financial sector has grown deeply in the United States after 40 years of development . Compared with the US financial development , the income gap has been expanding . Since 1970 , the number of households in the United States has increased by 21 % , and wealth has become more and more concentrated in a few rich families . Many scholars have studied and explained the causes of the inequality of income . The most part of the research on the effects of finance on income inequality is also aimed at the comparison between different countries in the world , especially for developing countries , with little special study on the United States . Based on the analysis of the current situation of American finance and the related literatures , this paper analyzes the influence ways of financial transformation on income inequality and the possible results , and then concludes the relationship between financial and income inequality through qualitative analysis . The results show that there is a " U " relationship between financial and income inequality in the United States , which is consistent with the conclusion of qualitative analysis .

The structure of this paper is as follows : Chapter 1 analyzes the background of research , puts forward the definition of finance , that is , the importance of the financial sector in the economy and society and the increasing participation of the non - financial sector in financial activities .
In the second chapter , the relevant theories of finance and the literature are collated and evaluated , which is focused on the carding of foreign literatures ;
The third chapter analyzes the current situation of the American economy and finance , and theoretically analyzes the ways and the influence result of the financial impact on income inequality .
In chapter 4 , according to the qualitative analysis results obtained in chapter 3 , the relationship between financial and income inequality is empirically tested by using time series data and error correction model .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F837.12;F171.2

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