本文選題：小微企業(yè)　切入點：金融機構　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：小微企業(yè)就是指小型企業(yè)，微型企業(yè)等統(tǒng)稱。其一般劃分標準是:如果從業(yè)人員在20人以上并且是300人以下，營業(yè)收入在300萬以上并且是2000萬以下的為小型企業(yè)；如果從業(yè)人員在20人以下，，或者營業(yè)收入在300萬以下的為微型企業(yè)。該定義參考了企業(yè)的從業(yè)人員以及營業(yè)收入做標準，適用于各行業(yè)，包括農(nóng)工商以及服務業(yè)。小微企業(yè)是中國經(jīng)濟最小的經(jīng)濟主體，對穩(wěn)定中國經(jīng)濟增長，擴大就業(yè)渠道，增加稅收，維護社會穩(wěn)定等有著不可替代的作用，也是我國經(jīng)濟增長的主要生力軍。然而在政策影響下，導致原材料成本上漲，出貨訂單萎縮等經(jīng)營問題，所以小微企業(yè)急需進行資本融資。由于小微企業(yè)的各種現(xiàn)實問題導致小微企業(yè)融資難，經(jīng)營難，這已成為一個急需要破解的問題 如今，在國內(nèi)大部分的股份制銀行在外部市場份額競爭和內(nèi)部利潤考核壓力劇增的雙重背景下，不斷的投入大量的人力，物力，財力，成立中小企業(yè)部門甚至小微企業(yè)團隊，各個商業(yè)銀行都在把小微商戶的信貸業(yè)務作為本行的新的利潤增長點，在突破傳統(tǒng)模式的情況下加快行內(nèi)業(yè)務的轉型，搶占市場份額。但是從企業(yè)信用評級和公司業(yè)務信貸準入標準角度來講，小微企業(yè)的信用的風險和規(guī)模的風險阻擋了銀行前進的腳步，因此中小企業(yè)的信貸風控問題已成為當今各個商業(yè)銀行需要解決的當務之急。小微企業(yè)融資難，貸款難，直接影響了企業(yè)的發(fā)展。因此，如何改變商業(yè)銀行的現(xiàn)有信貸模式，給予小微企業(yè)提供資金支持并防范小微企業(yè)的貸款的各種風險促進其良好的發(fā)展已成為各大商業(yè)銀行亟須解決的重要問題。 本文以國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行的業(yè)務視角，并結合各個商業(yè)銀行的信用評級與風險控制方案，結合實際需求，提出了一套完整的全新的小微企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務的風險管理機制，并結合銀行原有的公司授信業(yè)務和零售授信業(yè)務進行了部分改進，也在實際操作中加以運用。但是由于各種原因導致國內(nèi)的各個商業(yè)銀行小微企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務起步相對較晚，在實際操作中的風險控制和風險管理方面還缺少大量的實踐和經(jīng)驗，并且小微企業(yè)良莠不齊，監(jiān)管松散，規(guī)模不統(tǒng)一，經(jīng)營者的自身素質(zhì)偏低，導致整體風險問題問題突出。因此，本文認為，如果要解決要上述問題，需要政策環(huán)境，商業(yè)銀行，小微企業(yè)一起努力，改變現(xiàn)有營運模式，合理發(fā)展小微信貸事業(yè)，讓小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)造的利益成為商業(yè)銀行的新的利益增長點。 為了更好地總結和研究現(xiàn)階段商業(yè)銀行對小微企業(yè)信貸的風險控制模式。本文以平安銀行為例，重點分析平安銀行小微企業(yè)信貸的風險研究與管理模式，并結合實際，對銀行如何完善風險控制，建設合理的的小微信用評級體系，以及風險測算模型，小微企業(yè)信貸準入標準，產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)與改進等各個方面提出了中肯的建議與意見。
[Abstract]:Small and micro enterprises refer to small enterprises, micro enterprises and so on.The general criteria are as follows: if the number of employees is more than 20 and less than 300, and the operating income is above 3 million and below 20 million, it is a small business; if the number of employees is less than 20,Or operating income below 3 million for micro-enterprises.The definition, which refers to employees and income standards, applies to all industries, including agriculture, commerce and services.Small and micro enterprises are the smallest economic main body of China's economy, which plays an irreplaceable role in stabilizing China's economic growth, expanding employment channels, increasing tax revenue and maintaining social stability, and is also the main new force in China's economic growth.However, under the influence of the policy, the cost of raw materials rises, the order of shipping shrinks and so on, so small and micro enterprises are in urgent need of capital financing.As a result of various practical problems of small and micro enterprises, it is difficult for them to finance and manage, which has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently.Nowadays, under the dual background of the competition in the external market share and the sharp increase of internal profit assessment pressure, most of the domestic joint-stock banks have continuously invested a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources, and set up small and medium-sized enterprise departments and even small and micro enterprise teams.Each commercial bank is taking the credit business of the small and micro merchant as the new profit growth point of the bank, speeding up the transformation of the internal business under the circumstances of breaking through the traditional mode, and preempting the market share.But from the point of view of enterprise credit rating and corporate credit access standards, the credit risk and scale risk of small and micro enterprises have prevented banks from moving forward.Therefore, the credit risk control of small and medium-sized enterprises has become an urgent task for commercial banks.Small and micro-enterprises financing difficulties, loans are difficult, directly affected the development of enterprises.Therefore, how to change the existing credit model of commercial banks, to provide financial support to small and micro enterprises and to guard against the various risks of loans to small and micro enterprises to promote their good development has become an important problem to be solved urgently by major commercial banks.In this paper, from the perspective of domestic commercial banks, combining the credit rating and risk control schemes of each commercial bank, combining with the actual demand, this paper puts forward a complete set of new risk management mechanism for the credit business of small and micro enterprises.Combined with the bank's original corporate credit business and retail credit business has been partially improved, also used in the actual operation.However, due to various reasons, the credit business of small and micro enterprises of domestic commercial banks started relatively late, and the risk control and risk management in practical operation are still lack of a lot of practice and experience, and the good and bad of small and micro enterprises are not uniform.Loose supervision, disunity of scale and low quality of operators lead to the problem of overall risk.Therefore, this paper believes that if we want to solve the above problems, we need the policy environment, commercial banks and small and micro enterprises to work together to change the existing business model, and to develop the small and micro credit industry reasonably.Small and micro-enterprises to create the interests of commercial banks to become a new growth point of interest.In order to summarize and study the risk control model of small and micro-enterprise credit for commercial banks at this stage.Taking Ping an Bank as an example, this paper focuses on the risk research and management model of Ping an Bank's small and micro enterprise credit, and how to perfect the risk control, build a reasonable small and micro credit rating system, as well as risk measurement model, combined with the practice.Some suggestions and suggestions on credit access standards, product development and improvement are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.33;F832.4;F276.3

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