本文選題：ODI區(qū)位選擇　切入點(diǎn)：母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：自1978年始,中國(guó)ODI經(jīng)歷了二十余年的蟄伏,直到2002年以后才以爆發(fā)式增長(zhǎng)引起世界注意,也就在過(guò)去短短十余年時(shí)間,IB領(lǐng)域涌現(xiàn)出大量中國(guó)ODI研究文獻(xiàn),圍繞中國(guó)ODI投資特殊性展開(kāi)激烈討論,橫亙?cè)谶@一輪討論背后的深層次思考為,中國(guó)ODI特殊表象是否需要突破既有FDI理論,抑或只需對(duì)既有理論進(jìn)行中國(guó)維度的拓展?即經(jīng)典的"Chinese theory of business V.S. Theory of Chinese business"爭(zhēng)論(Alon and Child,2011)。雖然就此問(wèn)題的結(jié)論,學(xué)者莫衷一是,但既有研究都一致聚焦到母國(guó)視角,紛紛將中國(guó)ODI分析鑲嵌在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展背景之下,并幾近達(dá)成共識(shí)：目前中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型是中國(guó)ODI特殊性的主要成因。 延續(xù)這一研究思路,并彌補(bǔ)既有國(guó)際商務(wù)理論對(duì)中國(guó)ODI區(qū)位選擇行為研究缺乏系統(tǒng)框架的缺陷,本文采用制度兼容與技術(shù)適宜優(yōu)勢(shì)理論搭建母國(guó)宏觀(guān)因素作用微觀(guān)企業(yè)投資區(qū)位選擇行為的橋梁機(jī)制。本文將新興FDI理論和傳統(tǒng)FDI理論關(guān)于企業(yè)所有權(quán)優(yōu)勢(shì)與企業(yè)投資動(dòng)機(jī)的討論置于一個(gè)框架中進(jìn)行分析,借用新新貿(mào)易理論的企業(yè)異質(zhì)性思想,修正HMCFMECM模型從而構(gòu)建企業(yè)ODI區(qū)位選擇一般化模型；在此基礎(chǔ)上,從制度兼容和技術(shù)適宜兩個(gè)方面抽取出企業(yè)所有權(quán)優(yōu)勢(shì)中的母國(guó)來(lái)源,并將此概括為“母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)”,繼而母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)包括制度嵌入優(yōu)勢(shì)和技術(shù)適宜優(yōu)勢(shì)。至此,本文得到“ODI企業(yè)區(qū)位選擇模型--母國(guó)宏觀(guān)因素基于模型的切入點(diǎn)--母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)影響企業(yè)ODI區(qū)位選擇”這一完整的邏輯鏈條,這也是本文研究的核心內(nèi)容：母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)下企業(yè)ODI區(qū)位選擇機(jī)制。此外,本文利用母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)下企業(yè)ODI區(qū)位選擇機(jī)制框架,揭示中國(guó)ODI在母國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)型背景下,如何充當(dāng)政府促進(jìn)邊際產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移與區(qū)位限定(location bound)資源獲取工具,從而受政府作用調(diào)整,表現(xiàn)出區(qū)位選擇偏好。 本文主要得到以下三方面結(jié)論：第一,母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)型ODI投資流向制度和技術(shù)環(huán)境與母國(guó)相近的東道國(guó)。第二,母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)促進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略型ODI投資流向制度和技術(shù)環(huán)境與母國(guó)差距適度的東道國(guó)。第三,在經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型宏觀(guān)背景下,政府強(qiáng)化中國(guó)ODI母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì),令2003-2010年中國(guó)ODI穩(wěn)定集中在三類(lèi)、共計(jì)50個(gè)國(guó)家,分別為：自然資源豐裕但風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高國(guó)家、廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力豐裕發(fā)展中國(guó)家、戰(zhàn)略資產(chǎn)豐裕但與中國(guó)有過(guò)密切FDI往來(lái)的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。 本文回應(yīng)了關(guān)于中國(guó)ODI區(qū)位是否具有特殊性的爭(zhēng)論,認(rèn)為,中國(guó)ODI企業(yè)投資并未脫離利潤(rùn)最大化的理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人假設(shè),且當(dāng)前中國(guó)ODI行為也未脫離企業(yè)所有權(quán)優(yōu)勢(shì)基礎(chǔ),而企業(yè)所有權(quán)優(yōu)勢(shì)恰恰是IB領(lǐng)域分析企業(yè)ODI的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。故本文針對(duì)中國(guó)ODI區(qū)位選擇特殊性爭(zhēng)論的觀(guān)點(diǎn)呼之欲出：中國(guó)ODI區(qū)位選擇在理論層面上并未脫離既有IB領(lǐng)域的一般分析框架,其之所以表現(xiàn)出不用于先行國(guó)家企業(yè)ODI的“一般性規(guī)律”,關(guān)鍵原因在于當(dāng)前中國(guó)ODI企業(yè)開(kāi)展海外投資憑借的企業(yè)所有權(quán)優(yōu)勢(shì),非發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家ODI企業(yè)普遍具備的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì),而是較大比重來(lái)自母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的特殊經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)導(dǎo)致母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)具備一定特殊性,這就是為何目前中國(guó)ODI表現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)定的三類(lèi)區(qū)位選擇偏好。 本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要體現(xiàn)為兩個(gè)層面：從理論層面看,區(qū)別傳統(tǒng)型與戰(zhàn)略型ODI投資差異的同時(shí),更將兩類(lèi)企業(yè)ODI投資行為統(tǒng)一到同一區(qū)位選擇模型之中,為其后研究企業(yè)區(qū)位選擇提供系統(tǒng)的模型框架。彌補(bǔ)既有IB領(lǐng)域缺乏系統(tǒng)區(qū)位選擇模型的缺陷(魯明泓,1999)。此外,本文創(chuàng)新性提出“母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)”思想,母國(guó)作用影響企業(yè)ODI投資行為研究構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)的分析框架,并夯實(shí)既有FDI理論關(guān)于企業(yè)所有權(quán)優(yōu)勢(shì)研究。從實(shí)證層面看,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條特殊的中國(guó)ODI區(qū)位選擇經(jīng)驗(yàn)規(guī)律,那就是在2003-2010年中國(guó)ODI集中在三類(lèi)制度環(huán)境和資源稟賦迥異的東道國(guó)。此外,還解釋了中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型如何造成ODI區(qū)位選擇偏好特征,關(guān)鍵在于母國(guó)特定優(yōu)勢(shì)邏輯下的政府作用。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of 1978, China ODI went dormant for more than twenty years, until 2002 to explosive growth caused the attention of the world, also in the past ten years, the field of IB ODI China emerged a large number of research literature, a heated discussion around the particularity of China ODI investment, lie in this round of discussion of deep thinking behind for, whether Chinese ODI special representation needs to break through the existing FDI theory, or simply to both expand China dimension theory? That is the classic "Chinese theory of business V.S. Theory of Chinese business (Alon and Child," about 2011). Although this conclusion, but the existing research scholars unable to agree on which is right. Agree to focus on home country perspective, will have Chinese ODI analysis Chinese embedded in the domestic background of macro economic development, and reached a consensus: the current economic transformation is almost Chinese special Chinese ODI The main cause.
The continuation of this research ideas, and make up the existing international business theory research is lack of system framework of Chinese ODI location choice behavior, this paper is compatible with the appropriate technology theory to build home advantage role of macroeconomic factors and micro enterprise investment behavior of the bridge location selection system using system. In this paper the emerging FDI theory and traditional FDI theory on the advantage of enterprise ownership the discussion on the motivation of enterprise investment and a framework for analysis, heterogeneity of enterprises using the idea of new trade theory, the modified HMCFMECM model to construct a general model of enterprise ODI location; on this basis, the system compatibility and appropriate technology in two aspects of home ownership advantages from pumping out of the summarized as "country specific advantage", and country specific advantages including system suitable for embedding and technology advantages. Thus, we get "ODI enterprise location selection model -- home macro factors point model -- country specific advantages influence enterprise location choice of ODI" which is a complete chain of logic based on the core content of this paper is that: the selection mechanism of enterprise location specific advantage ODI home. In addition, the mechanism of selection framework ODI location specific advantage of home enterprises next, Chinese revealed in ODI's home country under the background of transformation, to serve as the government to promote marginal industrial transfer and location Limited (location bound) resource acquisition tool, which is affected by the government function adjustment, showing location select preferences.
This paper mainly obtains the following three conclusions: first, country specific advantage to promote the traditional ODI investment system and the technology environment and the home country similar host. Second, country specific advantages to promote the strategy of ODI investment system and the technology environment and the home country moderate. The gap between the Eastern Road third, in the economic transition background, strengthen government Chinese ODI country specific advantage, to 2003-2010 years Chinese ODI stable concentrated in three categories, a total of 50 countries, respectively: abundant natural resources but high risk countries, cheap labor abundant countries, strategic assets and China abundant but had developed countries close FDI exchanges.
The responses to the location China whether ODI has special argument that China ODI enterprise investment is not divorced from the profit maximization hypothesis of rational economic man, and the China ODI behavior nor from the basis of enterprise ownership advantage, and the advantage of enterprise ownership is the starting point for analysis of the enterprise ODI IB. So the location of Chinese ODI the special argument is: at the theoretical level is not divorced from the general analysis framework in the field of IB location choice China ODI, which has shown not for the first national enterprise ODI "general rules", the key reason is that the current enterprise ownership advantage Chinese ODI enterprises to carry out overseas investment with the advantages of universal the developed countries have non ODI companies, but a large proportion from the home country specific advantages. Chinese economic transformation of the special economic reality to bus The country's specific advantages have certain particularity, which is why China's ODI has shown a stable three type of location preference.
The innovation of this paper is mainly embodied in two aspects: from the theoretical perspective, the difference of ODI between the traditional type and investment strategy at the same time, the two types of enterprise ODI investment behavior unified to the same location choice model, for the subsequent research of enterprise location choice model framework system. For both the lack of location system IB the choice of model defects (Lu Minghong, 1999). In addition, this paper proposes an innovative "country specific advantages" thought, the effects of ODI on home country enterprise investment behavior analysis framing system, and lay a solid foundation for both the FDI theory about enterprise ownership advantage research. From the empirical perspective, found a special location China ODI choose the experience rule, that is 2003-2010 years Chinese ODI concentrated in the three types of institutional environment and resource endowments of different host countries. In addition, it is also explained how Chinese domestic economic restructuring made ODI The feature of preference preference lies in the role of the government in the logic of the specific advantage of the mother country.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.6;F224

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