本文選題：通貨膨脹　切入點：城鄉(xiāng)收入差距　出處：《江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放后,我國先后多次經(jīng)歷過了較大幅度的通貨膨脹,而通貨膨脹會造成城鄉(xiāng)居民收入水平的相對變化,現(xiàn)階段我國居民的住房、醫(yī)療、教育等經(jīng)濟負擔(dān)越來越重,社會保障體系還不完善,這在一定程度上增加了我國居民收入和支出的不確定性。隨著我國現(xiàn)階段收入總水平的不斷提升,城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距也在不斷地擴大,目前通貨膨脹和城鄉(xiāng)居民收入分配差距這兩個問題對我國經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展和社會繁榮穩(wěn)定的影響頗為深遠,在某種程度上已經(jīng)成為中國改革和發(fā)展的障礙。然而當(dāng)前我國社會保障體系還不夠健全,尤其是城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村的社會保障體系存在著顯著的差異,通貨膨脹使城鄉(xiāng)收入分配更不平等,貧富兩極分化,引發(fā)社會矛盾。因此,深入研究通貨膨脹對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響并解決好這一問題,不僅有利于我國經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展,還有利于社會的和諧穩(wěn)定。 在通脹時期,通貨膨脹具有“劫貧濟富”的再分配效應(yīng),雖然人們可以通過金融市場上的多種工具來抵御通貨膨脹產(chǎn)生的負面影響,但是高收入的城鎮(zhèn)居民和低收入的農(nóng)村居民采取不同的規(guī)避手段會造成規(guī)避效果的差異。再加上長期以來,我國金融市場處于不發(fā)達的狀態(tài)下,城鄉(xiāng)金融具有顯著的二元化特征,即城鄉(xiāng)居民享受金融服務(wù)的門檻有差異：一方面農(nóng)村居民在總量上所擁有的金融資產(chǎn)存量,尤其在人均金融資產(chǎn)總量上,與城市居民擁有的相比較存在著明顯的差別；另一方面農(nóng)村金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)項目單一,農(nóng)村居民投資渠道較少。由于金融市場不完善的情況下不同階層的收入群體抵御通貨膨脹的效果會有所不同,金融市場的投資手段和工具在一定程度上對城鄉(xiāng)居民的財富、收入水平等提出了門檻要求。因此應(yīng)該根據(jù)當(dāng)前我國金融發(fā)展的背景下分析并檢驗通貨膨脹對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響,讓人們清楚地了解到金融門檻存在的背景下兩者之間的影響關(guān)系。 本文的分析采用了理論加實證的研究方法。首先通過構(gòu)建數(shù)理模型研究我國金融不斷發(fā)展的背景下通貨膨脹對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距關(guān)系的影響作用,結(jié)果顯示：在我國金融市場不發(fā)達的現(xiàn)實背景下,形成了規(guī)避通貨膨脹的金融門檻,金融門檻的存在降低了農(nóng)村居民規(guī)避通貨膨脹的效果,擴大了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。其次在實證分析上,利用統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)以城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距作為被解釋變量,通貨膨脹率、金融發(fā)展水平、城鄉(xiāng)金融發(fā)展非均衡水平作為關(guān)鍵的解釋變量,對外開放程度以及城鎮(zhèn)化水平作為控制變量。通過實證發(fā)現(xiàn)：通貨膨脹和城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距之間存在著長期穩(wěn)定的均衡關(guān)系,而且通貨膨脹CPI、金融發(fā)展水平FIR以及城鄉(xiāng)金融發(fā)展非均衡水平均是城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的格蘭杰原因,也就是說通貨膨脹、金融發(fā)展水平以及城鄉(xiāng)金融發(fā)展非均衡水平的上漲都會在很大程度上加劇城鄉(xiāng)居民之問的收入差距,最后根據(jù)理論和實證分析的結(jié)果再結(jié)合中國的實際情況,提出了為了縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民之間的收入差距,首先要把全國物價穩(wěn)定在較低水平,不能讓通貨膨脹率過快過大地上漲,其次要解決金融發(fā)展水平不斷提高下城鄉(xiāng)金融發(fā)展非均衡的問題,通過完善社會保障體系,引導(dǎo)城鄉(xiāng)金融協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,尤其是完善農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)體系以及推進農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)的建設(shè)等有效措施來縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民之間的收入差距。 本文的創(chuàng)新主要分為三個部分：第一,研究視角的創(chuàng)新。從國內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀來看,大部分都只是單獨地論述了通貨膨脹或者金融發(fā)展的角度對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響,卻忽視了在金融發(fā)展的背景下對這兩者之間進行一定的研究分析,而這方面的相關(guān)文獻研究也是十分缺乏的,本文選擇新的視角也就是基于金融發(fā)展的背景下來研究通脹如何影響城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距,并結(jié)合我國不發(fā)達的金融市場背景,進行更加深入、透徹地分析,最后提出了相關(guān)政策建議。第二,研究方法的創(chuàng)新。國內(nèi)有關(guān)通貨膨脹對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入分配差距影響的文章絕大多數(shù)都是做定性方面的研究,比較缺乏定量方面的分析,而本文通過構(gòu)建數(shù)理模型,并運用計量經(jīng)濟學(xué)中的實證分析方法進行了相關(guān)分析,讓人們對這些變量之間的關(guān)系理解得更加深入、透徹。第三,研究變量較為豐富,國內(nèi)外有關(guān)通貨膨脹對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距影響的文章較少采用城鄉(xiāng)金融非均衡發(fā)展水平作為其關(guān)鍵的解釋變量,而本文考慮到了這個對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距影響較大的變量,還加入了其他兩個重要的控制變量,使得實證研究更為嚴謹。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, China has repeatedly experienced substantial inflation, and inflation will cause the relative changes of the income level of urban and rural residents, at the present stage of China's housing, medical care, education and other economic increasingly heavy burden, the social security system is not perfect, it has increased our income and spending less the uncertainty to a certain extent. With the income at the present stage of China's overall level rising, the urban-rural income gap is constantly expanding, the current inflation and the income gap between urban and rural residents of the two problems of China's economic rapid development and the prosperity and stability of society has a far-reaching influence, to a certain extent has become China reform and the development of the disorder. However China's current social security system is still not perfect, especially there is a significant difference between the urban and rural social security system, so that the city of inflation Rural income distribution is more inequal, polarization between the rich and the poor, causing social contradictions. Therefore, in-depth study of the impact of inflation on the income gap between urban and rural residents and solving this problem is not only conducive to the rapid development of our economy, but also to the harmony and stability of our society.
In the period of inflation, inflation has a redistributive effect of robbing the poor to the rich ", although it can negatively affect the financial markets through a variety of tools to resist inflation, but the high income of urban residents and low-income rural residents to avoid hand section differences caused by avoiding effect. And during a long period the financial market of our country, in the underdeveloped state, urban and rural finance has two yuan marked feature, namely the urban and rural residents to enjoy the threshold for financial services are different: rural residents have one hand on the total amount of the stock of financial assets, especially in the per capita total financial assets, compared with the city residents have existed the obvious difference; on the other hand, the rural financial products and services a single, rural residents' investment channels less. Because of different sectors of the financial market is not perfect under the conditions of the collection Into the group against inflation and the effect will be different, financial market investment tools and to a certain extent to the urban and rural residents wealth, raised the threshold requirements of income level. So we should according to our country's financial development under the background of current analysis and test the impact of inflation on the income gap between urban and rural residents, between let people clearly to understand the financial threshold under the background of the relationship between the two.
This paper adopts the research methods of theoretical and empirical effects. First, by constructing the mathematical model of the continuous development of China's financial background of inflation on income gap between urban and rural residents. The result showed that the realistic background in China's financial market is not developed, the formation of inflation of financial threshold, the existence of financial threshold to reduce the rural residents to avoid the effect of inflation, expanding the income gap between urban and rural areas. Secondly, in the empirical analysis, using statistical data to the urban-rural income gap as explanatory variables, inflation rate, the level of financial development, rural financial development non balanced level as the key explanatory variables, opening degree and urbanization level as control variable. We find that there is a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between inflation and the urban-rural income gap, and CPI inflation, the level of financial development and financial development are non FIR urban and rural Hengshui is the average income gap between urban and rural residents Grainger reasons, that is inflation, the level of financial development and the rise in urban and rural financial development non balanced level will largely increase urban and rural residents of the income gap, according to theoretical and empirical analysis the results combined with the actual situation of Chinese, put forward to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, first of all to the national price stability at a low level, can not let the inflation rate rose too fast over the earth, and secondly to solve the financial development and constantly improve the level of urban and rural financial development non balanced, through the improvement of the social security system guide the coordinated development of urban and rural finance, especially the rural financial service system and promote the effective measures of rural financial institutions to reduce construction etc. Income gap between urban and rural residents.
The innovation of this paper is mainly divided into three parts: first, the innovation of research perspective. From the domestic and foreign research, most of them just individually discusses the impact of inflation or the perspective of financial development to the income gap between urban and rural residents, but neglected in the financial development under the background of the analysis between certain research however, relevant literature research in this area is very scarce, the new perspective is the financial development background of how inflation affects the urban-rural income gap based on, combined with China's underdeveloped financial market background, more in-depth and thorough analysis, finally puts forward relevant policy suggestions. Second, innovation research methods. The impact of domestic inflation on the urban-rural income gap is the most is to do qualitative research, lack of quantitative comparison The analysis in this paper, by constructing mathematical model, and use empirical econometric analysis methods of correlation analysis, the relationship between these variables allows people to understand more deeply and thoroughly. Third research variables are more abundant, fewer articles at home and abroad about the inflationary impact on the income gap between urban and rural residents with urban and rural finance the non balanced development level as the key explanatory variables, and considering the variables which have big influence on the urban-rural income gap, also joined the other two important control variables, the empirical research is more rigorous.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F224;F822.5;F124.7

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