【摘要】：作為促進礦業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和礦山企業(yè)社會責任履行的國外最佳實踐,礦山閉坑生命周期規(guī)劃和有效實施機制對于優(yōu)化礦產(chǎn)資源的開發(fā)利用及其經(jīng)濟社會效益至關重要,取得了國際礦業(yè)界廣泛共識并受到國際社會高度關注。面向我國新時期"五位一體"建設布局和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展轉型,國內(nèi)礦業(yè)界需要進一步解放思想、積極采用礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)先進理念。為此,本文系統(tǒng)深入地分析了國外礦山閉坑機制的最佳實踐與做法,包括國際組織動態(tài)、部分國家的法律及規(guī)制以及產(chǎn)業(yè)組織的最佳實踐,找出了閉坑機制及其運行的關鍵要素,包括閉坑規(guī)劃及計劃、利益相關方參與、財經(jīng)保障、閉坑方法及標準、采后監(jiān)測維護、礦地責任交接等,并針對我國礦山閉坑相關法規(guī)標準及規(guī)劃缺乏、社會成本考慮不足、利益方參與不善等問題,給出了關于閉坑復雜性及迫切性、社區(qū)及利益相關方權益關注、政府規(guī)制及指導監(jiān)督、礦山閉坑與項目生命周期關系等方面的思考,以期有助于改善我國閉坑管理機制,促進礦產(chǎn)資源可持續(xù)利用與企業(yè)社會責任水平的提升。
[Abstract]:As a foreign best practice in promoting the sustainable development of mining industry and fulfilling the social responsibility of mining enterprises, the life cycle planning and effective implementation mechanism of mine closed pits are of great importance for optimizing the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources and their economic and social benefits. Has obtained the international mining community widespread consensus and receives the international community high attention. Facing the construction layout of "five in one" and the transformation of economic and social development in the new period of our country, the domestic mining circles need to further emancipate their minds and actively adopt the advanced concept of mineral resources development. Therefore, this paper systematically and deeply analyzes the best practices and practices of mine closure mechanism in foreign countries, including the development of international organizations, the laws and regulations of some countries and the best practices of industrial organizations. The key elements of the pit closure mechanism and its operation are identified, including pit planning and planning, stakeholder participation, financial security, pit closing methods and standards, post-mining monitoring and maintenance, transfer of mine responsibility, etc. In view of the lack of relevant laws and regulations and planning of mine closed pits in China, the insufficient consideration of social cost, the poor participation of stakeholders, the complexity and urgency of closing pits, the rights and interests of communities and stakeholders are concerned. Government regulation and supervision, the relationship between mine pit and project life cycle, and so on, are expected to help improve the management mechanism of closed pit in China and promote the sustainable utilization of mineral resources and the level of corporate social responsibility.
【作者單位】： 金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點實驗室北京科技大學;中國國土資源經(jīng)濟研究院;
【分類號】：F426.1

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