本文選題：中國 + 乳業(yè)　； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：乳業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r已經(jīng)成為衡量一個國家的發(fā)達程度和食品消費的現(xiàn)代化水平的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。由于乳業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)涉及面極廣，向上有源頭產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)，向下涉及到生產(chǎn)銷售、包裝、運輸業(yè)和金融業(yè)。所以乳業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大，不僅可以促進農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)的生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷升級，提高農(nóng)民的收入，還可以連帶食品包裝業(yè)和交通運輸業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，所以在各個國家的受重視程度越來越大。在我國，為了宣傳乳制品的營養(yǎng)價值，合理改善膳食結(jié)構(gòu)，提高國民的身體素質(zhì)，曾推出多項計劃，讓人們認識到乳業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要性。例如“學(xué)生奶計劃”、“每天一斤奶，強壯中國人”等。 從20世紀進入21世紀,我國乳業(yè)隨著時代的變遷有了翻天覆地的變化。乳制品產(chǎn)量由20世紀末年的200萬噸左右增長到現(xiàn)在的3800萬噸左右，躋身于世界乳業(yè)大國行列。盡管乳制品總產(chǎn)量居于世界前列，但是我國的人均占有量卻遠落后于世界發(fā)達國家的人均占有量，消費品類也十分單一。并且國內(nèi)農(nóng)村居民的人均消費量跟城鎮(zhèn)居民的人均消費相比差距懸殊。隨著經(jīng)濟一體化和我國加入世界貿(mào)易組織，國外乳業(yè)紛紛進駐中國，搶占中國市場，據(jù)聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)庫中數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，2010年，我國奶粉進口量為43萬噸，2011年達到了50萬噸，2012年就激增到了67萬噸。就目前的國內(nèi)奶粉市場，國外奶粉品牌占去市場的一半左右，在高端市場上甚至超過了70%的占有量。特別是在嬰幼兒奶粉市場，我國市場上幾乎全部的需求都要用進口奶粉，而且近些年我國乳業(yè)頻發(fā)的質(zhì)量問題也引人擔(dān)憂，我國乳企的未來將面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。 本文就是在這樣的大背景下來研究我國乳業(yè)的國際競爭力。雖然我國已經(jīng)邁入乳業(yè)大國行列，但是乳業(yè)真正的競爭力不能盲目的用總量來衡量，要認識清楚我國乳業(yè)還只是做大，并未做強。首先本文從寫作背景、選題的意義、創(chuàng)新之處和不足，以及國內(nèi)外對國際競爭力的研究現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)，對本文做了簡要的說明。既然是對我國乳業(yè)競爭力的研究，那就離不開一定的理論基礎(chǔ)，在此主要介紹了研究競爭力的主流理論李嘉圖的比較優(yōu)勢理論和波特的“鉆石模型”，其中主要是“鉆石模型”的分析,介紹了模型中六中影響產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力的因素,為后文的研究內(nèi)容作鋪墊。有了理論的支撐就要了解我國乳業(yè)現(xiàn)在所處的階段即發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，其中包括我國現(xiàn)階段的乳制品生產(chǎn)狀況、消費狀況和乳企的全國區(qū)域分布狀況。表明了我國乳制品生產(chǎn)總量雖大，但人均占有量偏小并且城鄉(xiāng)居民消費量差距較大的現(xiàn)狀。就分布狀況來說，我國乳業(yè)生產(chǎn)分為五大產(chǎn)區(qū)：大城市產(chǎn)區(qū)、東北產(chǎn)區(qū)、華北產(chǎn)區(qū)、西北產(chǎn)區(qū)和南方產(chǎn)區(qū)等并且分析了五大產(chǎn)區(qū)各自的優(yōu)勢所在。最后結(jié)合我國近些年的乳制品進出口數(shù)據(jù)，分析得出我國在乳制品貿(mào)易方面存在著嚴重的逆差現(xiàn)象。在此基礎(chǔ)上就是競爭力指標(biāo)的測算。本文通過今年數(shù)據(jù)測算了我國乳制品的市場占有率、貿(mào)易專業(yè)化系數(shù)、顯示性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)，分析得出我國乳制品國際市場占有率低和市場競爭優(yōu)勢不明顯的特點。有了數(shù)據(jù)的證實，那么就要究其原因。通過對“鉆石模型”的分析，找出影響我國乳業(yè)競爭力的主要因素，，其中包括產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素、國內(nèi)市場需求、相關(guān)和支持產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展、企業(yè)的發(fā)展策略和結(jié)構(gòu)、機遇以及政府等。最后根據(jù)這些原因給出解決的對策。這其中主要是分兩個方面來討論，企業(yè)自身和政府。從企業(yè)自身角度來看，我國乳企應(yīng)該做到大型牧場和奶源基地的建設(shè)、培養(yǎng)和儲備具有先進技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗的復(fù)合型人才、轉(zhuǎn)變企業(yè)發(fā)展模式，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)等等。而從政府角度來講，我國政府應(yīng)該做到進一步擴大內(nèi)需，例如增加居民收入水平、增加城鎮(zhèn)化率和合理引導(dǎo)人們的膳食習(xí)慣等；給予稅收上的優(yōu)惠和政策性貸款等方面的支持；完善乳制品奶源、生產(chǎn)、運輸、銷售各環(huán)節(jié)的質(zhì)量監(jiān)督體系，讓老百姓消費到放心的乳制品。 本文在寫作過程中運用定性分析和定量分析相結(jié)合的方法，研究我國乳業(yè)國際競爭力情況。在定量分析中，盡量運用我國近幾年數(shù)據(jù)和資料，讓分析更具有時效性和說服力。
[Abstract]:The development of dairy industry has become an important standard to measure the level of development of a country and the level of the modernization of food consumption. As the industry of dairy industry involves a wide range of industries, it has a source of industrial agriculture and animal husbandry, which is down to the production, sale, packing, transportation and financial industry. So the development of dairy industry can not only promote the agriculture. The production structure of the industry and animal husbandry is constantly upgrading, raising the income of the farmers, and the rapid development of the food packaging industry and the transportation and transportation industry. So it is becoming more and more important in all countries. In our country, in order to promote the nutritional value of dairy products, improve the structure of food and food and improve the physical quality of the people, a number of plans have been introduced. To make people realize the importance of the development of dairy industry, such as the "student milk program", "one kilogram of milk every day, strong Chinese" and so on.
From twentieth Century to twenty-first Century, China's dairy industry has changed dramatically with the changes of the times. The production of dairy products has grown from about 2 million tons in the last year of twentieth Century to about 38 million tons, which is among the world's largest dairy industry. Although the total production of dairy products is in the forefront of the world, the per capita share of our country is far behind the world. The per capita consumption of the developed countries is also very simple. And the gap between the per capita consumption of rural residents and the per capita consumption of urban residents is very different. With the economic integration and China's accession to the world trade organization, the foreign dairy industry has been stationed in China to seize the Chinese market, according to the data series of the United Nations trade database. In 2010, the import of milk powder in China was 430 thousand tons, 500 thousand tons in 2011, and up to 670 thousand tons in 2012. In the current domestic milk powder market, the foreign milk powder brand accounted for about half of the market and even more than 70% in the high-end market. In particular, in the infant milk market, almost all the demand in the market of our country. We all need imported milk powder, and in recent years, the frequent quality problems in China's dairy industry are also worrying. The future of China's dairy enterprises will face enormous challenges.
This article is to study the international competitiveness of China's dairy industry in such a background. Although China has entered the ranks of the large country of dairy industry, the real competitiveness of the dairy industry can not be measured blindly by the total amount. It is necessary to know that China's dairy industry is still a big and not strong. This paper makes a brief explanation of the present situation of international competitiveness at home and abroad. Since it is the research on the competitiveness of China's dairy industry, it is inseparable from a certain theoretical basis, and the main theory of the mainstream of research competitiveness, Ricardo's comparative advantage theory and Potter's "Diamond Model", is mainly introduced. It is an analysis of the "Diamond Model". It introduces the factors that affect the international competitiveness of the industry in six of the model and paves the way for the research content of the latter. It shows that the total amount of dairy production in China is large, but the per capita occupancy is small and the consumption gap between urban and rural residents is large. In terms of distribution, China's dairy production is divided into five major production areas: large cities, northeast, North China, north-west and southern producing areas, and analyses the advantages of the five major production areas. Finally, according to the data of China's dairy products import and export in recent years, it is concluded that there is a serious deficit phenomenon in China's dairy trade. On this basis, it is the calculation of the competitiveness index. This paper estimates the market share of dairy products in China, trade specialization coefficient and display comparative advantage through this year's data. By analyzing the "Diamond Model", we find out the main factors that affect the competitiveness of China's dairy industry, including industrial production factors, domestic market demand, related and supporting industries. Development, enterprise development strategy and structure, opportunities and government, etc. Finally, according to these reasons give solutions. This is mainly divided into two aspects to discuss, the enterprise itself and the government. From the point of view of the enterprise itself, China's dairy enterprises should build large pastures and milk sources, cultivate and reserve advanced technology and technology. In terms of the government's point of view, our government should further expand domestic demand, such as increasing the income level of the residents, increasing the rate of urbanization and reasonable guiding people's dietary habits, and giving preferential tax and policy loans, and so on. Support; improve the quality supervision system of dairy products, milk production, transportation, and sales, so that ordinary people can be consumed with reassuring dairy products.
In the process of writing, this paper uses qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to study the international competitiveness of China's dairy industry. In the quantitative analysis, we try to use the data and data in recent years to make the analysis more effective and persuasive.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.82

【參考文獻】

中國期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前10條

1 薛選登;;貿(mào)易自由化條件下的我國乳業(yè)發(fā)展研究[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2007年34期

2 史芳;王詠紅;高瑛;;我國乳制品國際競爭力研究及政策建議[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2008年01期

3 劉亞男;;從低谷走向巔峰——2007年度奶業(yè)焦點回顧及2008年展望[J];北方牧業(yè);2007年24期

4 張照新;王維友;徐欣;武文;;當(dāng)前我國奶業(yè)發(fā)展的問題、原因、趨勢與對策[J];調(diào)研世界;2007年10期

5 王丁棉;;中國奶業(yè)當(dāng)前發(fā)展形勢分析與判斷[J];廣東奶業(yè);2007年02期

6 丁平;仍需立足國內(nèi)——中國乳業(yè)與國際乳業(yè)貿(mào)易自由化[J];國際貿(mào)易;2001年04期

7 王加啟;;21世紀國際奶業(yè)發(fā)展新動向[J];中國畜牧獸醫(yī);2007年04期

8 劉永峰;李建科;昝林森;;我國乳業(yè)發(fā)展歷史、現(xiàn)狀、問題及對策[J];中國牛業(yè)科學(xué);2012年06期

9 趙劍峰;中國乳品消費水平及影響因素的經(jīng)濟學(xué)分析[J];中國乳業(yè);2003年09期

10 姜勁峰,酈紅;乳制品企業(yè)并購趨勢[J];中國牧業(yè)通訊;2004年02期

本文編號：1797365