本文選題：光伏發(fā)電　切入點：DX光伏發(fā)電項目　出處：《吉林大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在人類文明史中的每一步前進，都是和能源的使用緊密相連的。目前，世界能源形式緊迫，在世界10大焦點問題，如能源、水、環(huán)境、恐怖主義和戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、教育等中位居首位。因此，現階段全世界的能源建設中，我們應該遵循的原則是：盡可能的節(jié)約能源，有效的提高能源的利用率，逐漸停止使用含碳量高的礦物、化石燃料，而改用潔凈能源。 我國經濟目前正處在高速增長的狀態(tài)，如何協(xié)調好經濟增長與環(huán)境保護的關系，是擺在國人面前的一個難題。調整能源結構，逐步減少二氧化碳等溫室氣體的排放，緩解對環(huán)境的污染，已經刻不容緩，清潔的新能源和可再生能源的應用得到了飛速的發(fā)展。中國政府已經表示要“積極發(fā)展風能，太陽能，地熱能等新能源和可再生能源”，并于2006年1月1日正式頒布施行了《中華人民共和國可再生能源法》，明確指出“國家將可再生能源的開發(fā)利用列為能源發(fā)展的優(yōu)先領域，通過制定可再生能源開發(fā)利用總量目標和采取相應措施，推動可再生能源市場的建立和發(fā)展。國家鼓勵和支持可再生能源并網發(fā)電”。 在可再生資源中，太陽能是最容易被人類所獲得的，且清潔、無污染。太陽能利用的主要形式是光伏發(fā)電，與其它可再生能源相比，光伏發(fā)電具有技術成熟、可規(guī)�；_發(fā)、環(huán)境效益好等優(yōu)勢，正在被我國政府所大力扶持和提倡，已成為可再生能源開發(fā)利用的一大亮點。越來越多的人認識到，光伏發(fā)電的發(fā)展是社會發(fā)展的需要。 我國的光伏發(fā)電產業(yè)相比國外先進國家雖起步較晚，但近年來發(fā)展迅速，發(fā)展前景良好，作為一門新興產業(yè)，尤其是現階段滿足條件的工程又可享受到國家政府的各種補貼，光伏發(fā)電產業(yè)已經吸引了越來越多的企業(yè)逐步地參與其中。但是，與德國、美國等先進的歐洲國家的光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)相比，我國光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的成本偏高很多，嚴重阻礙了我國光伏發(fā)電產業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。 目前國際光伏發(fā)電市場的競爭日益激烈，而在我國，由于技術掌握的欠缺，材料、人工成本的不斷增長，我國光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的成本普遍偏高很多，使光伏發(fā)電產業(yè)難以普及，與此同時，由于對影響光伏發(fā)電項目投資效益的主要因素認識不足，導致對光伏發(fā)電項目的投資效益分析不夠深刻，這些不利因素已嚴重阻礙了我國光伏發(fā)電的快速發(fā)展。在這種情況下，如何準確地分析光伏發(fā)電產業(yè)的成本影響因素，在項目初期進行有效的項目投資效益分析，為企業(yè)帶來更大的利潤，提高光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的經濟效益和社會效益，已經成為決定光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)在市場上是否具有競爭能力的關鍵，對光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的發(fā)展具有非常重要的理論意義和現實意義。 本文首先介紹了項目投資效益分析的重要性，分析了光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的發(fā)展現狀、光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的成本構成及影響因素，然后以DX光伏發(fā)電項目為例，研究了光伏發(fā)電項目在實際工程中的初始階段如何進行項目投資效益分析、及時糾偏，為光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)賺取更大的利潤。 光伏發(fā)電產業(yè)作為一項高新技術工程項目，對其成本的研究應該貫穿于工程項目的始終，從投標階段、施工準備階段到施工階段、驗收結算階段，每一階段都進行有效的成本控制。本文以某一具體工程的項目投資效益分析為例，詳細論述了該企業(yè)是如何有效地確定了工程的成本目標，制定科學合理的投資效益分析，并以此為基礎對項目進行成本控制。從而論證了光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)應注重將可觀的經濟效益和合理的技術相結合，提高成本的可控性，使企業(yè)獲得最大的利潤，提升企業(yè)的社會地位。 本文認為，光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)不應一味的、片面的追求節(jié)約，而是應該突出成本——效益最大化，著眼于未來，從企業(yè)的長遠利益出發(fā)，制定科學合理的、具有可行性的計劃，加以有效的監(jiān)督實施，，才能使企業(yè)實現持續(xù)性發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Every step forward in the history of human civilization, is closely connected with the use of energy. At present, the world energy form in urgency, focus, 10 of the world such as energy, water, environment, terrorism and war, disease, education in the first place. Therefore, at this stage of the world's energy construction. We should follow the principles: to save energy as much as possible, effective improve utilization rate of energy and gradually stop using the high carbon content of minerals, fossil fuels, and the use of clean energy.
China's economy is currently in a state of rapid growth, how to coordinate the relationship between economic growth and environmental protection, is a difficult problem in front of the Chinese people. The adjustment of energy structure, gradually reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, alleviate the pollution of the environment, has no time to delay the application of new energy and clean. Renewable energy has been rapid development. China government has pledged to actively develop wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy and other new energy and renewable energy ", and promulgated the" renewable energy law "in People's Republic of China officially in January 1, 2006, clearly pointed out that" the country will be the development and utilization of renewable energy as priority areas of energy development. Through the development of renewable energy development and utilization of the total target and take corresponding measures to promote the establishment and development of the renewable energy market. The State encourages and supports renewable energy Grid connected power generation.
In renewable resources, solar energy is most easily achieved by man, and clean and no pollution. The main form of utilization of solar energy is photovoltaic power generation, compared with other renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation technology is mature, can be developed on a large scale, good environmental benefits and other advantages, is our country government strongly supported and advocated. Has become a major highlight of the development and utilization of renewable energy. More and more people realize that the development of photovoltaic power generation is the needs of social development.
Photovoltaic power generation industry in our country compared with foreign advanced countries although started late, but in recent years the rapid development and good prospects for development, as an emerging industry, especially enjoy a variety of subsidies and the national government at this stage to meet the conditions of the photovoltaic power generation project, industry has attracted more and more enterprises gradually involved. However, compared with Germany, photovoltaic power generation enterprises advanced European countries such as the United States, photovoltaic power generation enterprises in China's high cost a lot, seriously hindered the rapid development of photovoltaic industry in China.
At present, the international PV market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, but in China, due to the lack of technology, master the material, rising labor costs, the cost of photovoltaic power generation enterprises in China is generally high, the photovoltaic industry is difficult to spread, at the same time, the main factors of affecting the photovoltaic power generation project investment benefit of lack of knowledge, due to the photovoltaic power project investment benefit analysis is not deep enough, these adverse factors have seriously hindered the rapid development of China's photovoltaic power generation. In this case, how to accurately analyze the factors affecting the cost of photovoltaic power generation industry, analyze the investment benefits of effective project early in the project, bring more profits for the enterprise, to improve the photovoltaic power generation enterprise's economic benefit and social benefit, has become the key to decide whether the photovoltaic power generation enterprise has competition ability in the market, for photovoltaic power generation The development of enterprises has very important theoretical and practical significance.
This paper first introduces the importance of the project investment benefit analysis, analysis of the current development of photovoltaic power generation enterprises, and the factors affecting the photovoltaic power generation enterprise cost, and then to DX photovoltaic power generation project as an example, how to analyze the project investment benefit of the initial stage of photovoltaic power generation projects in the actual project timely correction, earn more the profit for the photovoltaic power generation enterprises.
Photovoltaic power generation industry as a high-tech project, study on the cost should be throughout the project from beginning to end, from the tender stage, construction stage to the stage of construction, acceptance and settlement stage, can effectively control the cost of each stage. This paper analysis a specific engineering project investment benefit as an example. The enterprise is how to effectively determine the cost of the project objectives, formulate scientific and rational analysis of investment benefit, and based on the project cost control. To demonstrate the photovoltaic power generation enterprises should pay attention to the considerable economic benefit and reasonable combination of technology, improve the controllability of the cost, causes the enterprise to obtain the maximum the profit, improve the social status of the enterprise.
This paper argues that the photovoltaic power generation enterprises should not blindly, one-sided pursuit of saving, but should highlight the cost - benefit maximization, focus on the future, starting from the long-term interests of enterprises, establish scientific and reasonable and feasible plan, effective supervision, to enable enterprises to achieve sustainable development.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.61;F275

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本文編號：1653831