本文選題：承租人　切入點(diǎn)：優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：房屋承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)是優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)中的一種，是指在房屋租賃關(guān)系存續(xù)期間，承租人按照法律規(guī)定所享有的，當(dāng)出租人出賣(mài)租賃房屋給第三人時(shí)，得以同等條件優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)該租賃房屋的權(quán)利。該制度作為一項(xiàng)重要的民事法律制度，是在平衡民事主體意思自治的基礎(chǔ)上保護(hù)弱勢(shì)群體的利益，對(duì)平衡承租人、出租人和第三人之間的利益具有重要意義。 承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)制度的歷史源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，在絕大多數(shù)大陸法系國(guó)家的民法中也都有對(duì)該權(quán)利的規(guī)制。我國(guó)也不例外，《民法通則意見(jiàn)》、《合同法》及2009年《最高人民法院關(guān)于審理城鎮(zhèn)房屋租賃合同糾紛案件具體應(yīng)用法律若干問(wèn)題的解釋》等法律法規(guī)中均有對(duì)該權(quán)利的規(guī)制。但是，這些法律對(duì)于該制度大多是原則性的規(guī)定，伴隨著我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的快速發(fā)展，該制度的使用也日益頻繁，隨之出現(xiàn)許多損害承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的情形，其制度缺陷也越來(lái)越多的暴露出來(lái)，在一定程度上也造成司法適用上的混亂和困惑，，因此，無(wú)論在理論界還是在實(shí)務(wù)界，該制度都還有許多值得探討研究的問(wèn)題。 本文根據(jù)現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定，嘗試?yán)砬瀣F(xiàn)有概念與學(xué)者觀點(diǎn)，務(wù)求提出可以指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐的有效建議，使該制度能在實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。本文共分成以下四個(gè)部分： 第一章首先論述了承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的基本理論，即其基本概念及性質(zhì)。承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的性質(zhì)問(wèn)題，也是該制度的核心問(wèn)題，確定承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的性質(zhì)問(wèn)題是解決實(shí)踐中所遇爭(zhēng)議的理論基礎(chǔ)。我國(guó)民法學(xué)界圍繞承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的性質(zhì)形成了形成權(quán)說(shuō)、期待權(quán)說(shuō)、物權(quán)說(shuō)、債權(quán)說(shuō)等學(xué)說(shuō)，通過(guò)對(duì)這些學(xué)說(shuō)的分析，闡明承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的性質(zhì)是形成權(quán)，為解決實(shí)踐中的問(wèn)題提供最基本的理論基礎(chǔ)。 第二章著重討論了承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的行使問(wèn)題，包括承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的成立條件、行使條件、承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)行使中的“同等條件”以及該權(quán)利的行使期限。 第三章著重對(duì)侵害承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)后損害賠償?shù)恼?qǐng)求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行論述。闡明形成權(quán)亦具有被侵害性，實(shí)踐中侵害承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的種類主要有以下三種：在法律規(guī)定的合理期限內(nèi)未通知承租人導(dǎo)致其優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)不能行使的、承租人行使優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的過(guò)程中受到不合理阻礙的、承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)行使后又最終目的落空的，對(duì)于以上這些侵害承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的行為，侵害人均應(yīng)承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的損害賠償責(zé)任。 第四章主要討論了承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)受侵害后的救濟(jì)措施，筆者根據(jù)承租人有無(wú)行使其優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)進(jìn)行分類，將侵害承租人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)的賠償形式及賠償范圍分為兩種情況進(jìn)行討論，即承租人未能行使其優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)可獲得的賠償?shù)男问郊捌浞秶�，以及承租人行使�?yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)后又目的落空的情形中可獲得的賠償形式及其范圍。
[Abstract]:The preemptive right of the lessee is one of the preemptive rights, which refers to the lessee who, in accordance with the law, sells the leased building to a third party during the tenure of the building.The right to purchase the leased house on equal terms.As an important civil legal system, this system protects the interests of vulnerable groups on the basis of balancing the autonomy of the will of the civil subject, and plays an important role in balancing the interests of the lessee, the lessor and the third party.The system of lessee's preemption right has a long history and is regulated in the civil law of most civil law countries.Our country is no exception. There are regulations on this right in "opinions on General principles of Civil Law", "contract Law" and "interpretation of several issues of the Supreme people's Court on the Application of laws in handling disputes over contract of Housing Lease in cities and towns" in 2009.However, these laws are mostly principled provisions for the system. With the rapid development of the real estate market in our country, the use of the system is becoming more and more frequent, and there are many cases that damage the lessee's preemptive right.Its system defects are more and more exposed, to a certain extent, it also causes confusion and confusion in judicial application. Therefore, whether in the theoretical or practical circles, the system still has many problems worth studying.According to the existing laws and regulations, this paper tries to clarify the existing concepts and scholars' viewpoints, and to put forward effective suggestions which can guide the practice, so that the system can play its due role in practice.This paper is divided into the following four parts:The first chapter discusses the basic theory of lessee's preemption right, that is, its basic concept and nature.The nature of the lessee's preemptive right is also the core of the system. The theoretical basis for resolving the disputes in practice is to determine the nature of the lessee's preemptive right.The scholars of civil law of our country have formed the theory of forming right, expectation right, real right and creditor's right around the nature of lessee's preemption right. Through the analysis of these theories, the author clarifies that the nature of lessee's preemption right is formative right.To solve the problems in practice to provide the most basic theoretical basis.The second chapter focuses on the exercise of the lessee's preemptive right, including the establishment conditions of the lessee's preemptive right, the conditions for exercising the preemptive right, the "equal conditions" in the exercise of the lessee's preemptive right, and the time limit for the exercise of the preemptive right.The third chapter focuses on the basis of claim for damages after preemption.It is clarified that the right of formation is also infringed. In practice, there are mainly three kinds of infringements on the preemptive right of the lessee: if the lessee is unable to exercise the preemptive right without notifying the lessee within a reasonable time limit stipulated by law,If the lessee is unreasonably obstructed in the process of exercising the preemptive right, and the final purpose of the lessee's preemptive right is defeated after the exercise of the preemptive right, the above acts infringe upon the lessee's preemptive right,The infringer shall bear the corresponding liability for damages.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the relief measures after the lessee's preemptive right is infringed, and the author classifies it according to whether the lessee has exercised the preemptive right.The form and scope of compensation for infringement of the lessee's preemptive right are discussed in two cases, that is, the form and scope of compensation that the lessee can obtain if he fails to exercise his preemptive right.And the form and scope of compensation which the lessee can obtain after exercising the preemptive right.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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