本文選題：紡織產(chǎn)業(yè) + 出口復雜度　； 參考：《浙江理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟全球化浪潮的沖擊下，每個國家都在思考如何將該國的產(chǎn)業(yè)嵌入全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡，如何提升該國產(chǎn)業(yè)在全球價值鏈中的地位，如何使該國在國際貿(mào)易中獲得較高收益。作為傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)擁有比較完整的價值鏈體系，如何衡量一國在全球價值鏈中的地位，關系到一國將采用何種產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展策略。近些年來，以中國、印度、越南為首的東南亞國家每年出口大量紡織品，2012年，僅中國出口的紡織品及服裝就達到2550.64億美元，約占世界紡織品出口總額的36.1%。但巨大的出口總額卻與所獲得貿(mào)易收益不相一致，中國、印度等紡織品出口大國仍處于紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)價值鏈的低端環(huán)節(jié)。 基于此種現(xiàn)象，本文先對紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)的貿(mào)易情況進行了詳細的分析，然后采用Hausmann et al (2005)提出的出口復雜度作為衡量一國價值鏈地位的指標，測算了46個樣本國家2001-2012年紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)在全球價值鏈中的地位。從出口貿(mào)易額與價值鏈地位的排名對比中發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國、印度、越南的出口貿(mào)易額排名前十，價值鏈地位卻排名30位以后；意大利、德國、美國出口大量紡織品同時，也控制著全球價值鏈的高端環(huán)節(jié)，價值鏈地位高。緊接著，本文探討了紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)價值鏈動態(tài)演化的理論機制，并創(chuàng)新性的將Richard Baldwin (2010)構建的價值鏈重構理論引用到紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)價值鏈研究上來，經(jīng)過一系列的假設和嚴密數(shù)學推導，得到了紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)價值鏈每個環(huán)節(jié)，以及全球價值鏈在成本最小化下的最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)定位。理論研究表明通過利用每個國家的比較優(yōu)勢，合理選擇原材料生產(chǎn)國、加工國，合理控制交通成本，，每個國家都可以達到最佳生產(chǎn)定位點。依據(jù)紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)價值鏈動態(tài)演化的理論，本文實證部分進一步研究了全球價值鏈動態(tài)演化的影響因素，并重點研究了發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家價值鏈地位演化背后的影響因素。 最后本文得出以下結論：第一，大量發(fā)展中國家雖然出口總量巨大，增速明顯快于發(fā)達國家，出口產(chǎn)品的技術含量也有所增加，但出口的技術含量總體并不高，仍以加工貿(mào)易為主，處在全球價值鏈的低端環(huán)節(jié)。第二，發(fā)達國家紡織品出口增速放緩，一直處于貿(mào)易逆差狀態(tài)，但發(fā)達國家的紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)出口復雜度整體較高，居于價值鏈高位，獲得了較高的貿(mào)易收益；但發(fā)達國家出口復雜度與發(fā)展中國家的差距在縮小。第三，勞動生產(chǎn)率，物質資本，通訊都是顯著影響價值鏈地位提升的重要因素，其中勞動生產(chǎn)率對各國改進價值鏈地位的貢獻最大。第四，發(fā)達國家紡織產(chǎn)品的出口技術含量高，處于價值鏈的高端環(huán)節(jié)，其主要動力來自于強大的創(chuàng)新能力。第五，F(xiàn)DI對發(fā)達國家、發(fā)展中國家的紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)都具有顯著影響，但發(fā)達國家引進的外資質量更高，消化吸收能力更快。
[Abstract]:Under the impact of the economic globalization, every country is thinking about how to embed its industry in the global production network, how to enhance its position in the global value chain, and how to make the country gain a higher profit in the international trade. As one of the traditional industries, the textile industry has a relatively complete value chain system. How to measure the status of a country in the global value chain is related to what kind of industrial development strategy a country will adopt. In recent years, Southeast Asian countries, led by China, India and Vietnam, have exported large quantities of textiles every year. In 2012, China alone exported US $255.064 billion in textiles and clothing, accounting for 36.1 percent of the world's total textile exports. However, the huge export volume is not in line with the trade gains. China, India and other major textile export countries are still in the low end of the textile industry value chain. Based on this phenomenon, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the trade situation of textile industry, and then uses the export complexity proposed by Hausmann et al / 2005 as an index to measure the value chain status of a country. The status of textile industry in global value chain from 2001 to 2012 was calculated in 46 sample countries. From the comparison of export trade volume and value chain status, we can see that China, India and Vietnam rank in the top 10 in export trade volume, but in the value chain position in the third place; Italy, Germany, and the United States export a large number of textiles at the same time. Also controls the global value chain the high-end link, the value chain position is high. Then, this paper discusses the theoretical mechanism of the dynamic evolution of the textile industry value chain, and innovatively applies the value chain reconstruction theory constructed by Richard Baldwin / 2010 to the textile industry value chain research, through a series of assumptions and rigorous mathematical derivation. The optimal production orientation of the global value chain under the minimization of cost is obtained for each link of the textile industry value chain. The theoretical study shows that each country can achieve the best production location by making use of the comparative advantage of each country, selecting the raw material producing country, processing country and controlling the transportation cost reasonably. Based on the theory of the dynamic evolution of the textile industry value chain, this paper further studies the influencing factors of the global value chain dynamic evolution, and focuses on the influence factors behind the evolution of the value chain position in developed and developing countries. Finally, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, although a large number of developing countries have a large total export volume, the growth rate is obviously faster than that of the developed countries, and the technology content of the export products has also increased, but the export technology content is not high. Still mainly in processing trade, in the global value chain at the low end of the link. Second, the textile export growth rate of developed countries has slowed down, and has been in the state of trade deficit, but the textile industry of developed countries has a higher export complexity, higher value chain and higher trade income. But the gap between developed and developing countries is narrowing. Third, labor productivity, material capital and communication are all the important factors that affect the value chain position, among which labor productivity contributes the most to the improvement of value chain position. Fourth, the export technology of textile products in developed countries is high, and it is in the high end of value chain, and its main motive force comes from strong innovation ability. Fifth, FDI has a significant impact on the textile industry in developed and developing countries, but the quality of foreign capital imported by developed countries is higher, and the ability of absorption and digestion is faster.
【學位授予單位】：浙江理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F416.81

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