【摘要】：中國的城市化建設(shè)是社會發(fā)展的必然產(chǎn)物，也是中國人民為之努力奮斗的發(fā)展目標(biāo)，已然成為當(dāng)今社會發(fā)展趨勢。人口老齡化是每個國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步的必然發(fā)展階段，也是農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障面臨的最嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。隨著城市化進程的加快和我國人口老齡化的加劇，養(yǎng)老問題已經(jīng)成為我國亟待解決的重要問題。黑龍江省是我國城市化水平較高的省份之一，城市化的迅速擴大，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民擁有的土地面積銳減，從而使農(nóng)民失去了養(yǎng)老的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。國家發(fā)放的養(yǎng)老保險補償金和安置補償費遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足以抵消農(nóng)民失去土地的損失。依照聯(lián)合國對人口老齡化的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，黑龍江省早在2005年已進入人口老齡化階段。作為解決農(nóng)村居民養(yǎng)老問題的重要途徑之一，完善農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險已成為黑龍江省面臨的重要課題。 論文首先回顧了黑龍江省農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險制度的發(fā)展歷程，并對其社會養(yǎng)老保險發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題進行總結(jié)和歸納。當(dāng)前黑龍江省農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險發(fā)展主要存在以下問題：一是社會養(yǎng)老保險的覆蓋面狹窄；二是保險資金籌集困難；三是繳費給農(nóng)民帶來負(fù)擔(dān)；四是社會養(yǎng)老保險保障水平低；五是農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險的管理水平低；六是城鄉(xiāng)社會保障的投入差別過大。 其次，闡述了國內(nèi)外養(yǎng)老保險的發(fā)展情況，與國內(nèi)外較好的發(fā)展模式進行比較分析，，對國內(nèi)的北京大興區(qū)模式、煙臺模式和蘇州模式進行了闡述，對國外的美國、德國和日本的社會養(yǎng)老保險模式進行了闡述和總結(jié)，對他們的先進經(jīng)驗給予借鑒。 最后，針對黑龍江省農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險的實際情況，在借鑒國內(nèi)外其他養(yǎng)老保險模式經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了促進黑龍江省農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險發(fā)展的對策建議。論文可以為相關(guān)部門提供一定的政策參考，對于今后黑龍江農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保險的發(fā)展有一定的現(xiàn)實指導(dǎo)意義，另外可以為完善農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保障制度的理論體系、建立城鄉(xiāng)一體化的社會養(yǎng)老保障制度提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The construction of urbanization in China is the inevitable outcome of social development and the development goal for which the Chinese people strive. It has become a trend of social development. Population aging is the inevitable development stage of each country's economic development and social progress, and it is also the most severe challenge that rural old-age security faces. With the acceleration of urbanization and the aggravation of the aging population, the pension problem has become an important problem to be solved. Heilongjiang Province is one of the provinces with a high level of urbanization. The rapid expansion of urbanization has led to a sharp decrease in the land area owned by farmers, thus making them lose the material foundation for the aged. State pension compensation and resettlement compensation are far from enough to offset farmers' loss of land. According to the United Nations standard of population aging, Heilongjiang Province has entered the stage of population aging as early as 2005. As one of the important ways to solve the problem of rural residents' old-age pension, perfecting rural social old-age insurance has become an important subject in Heilongjiang Province. Firstly, the paper reviews the development course of the rural social endowment insurance system in Heilongjiang province, and summarizes the current situation and existing problems of the social endowment insurance system in Heilongjiang Province. At present, the main problems in the development of rural social endowment insurance in Heilongjiang Province are as follows: first, narrow coverage of social endowment insurance; second, difficulty in raising insurance funds; third, the burden of payment to farmers; fourth, low level of social old-age insurance; Fifth, the rural social endowment insurance management level is low, sixth, the urban and rural social security investment difference is too big. Secondly, it expounds the development of endowment insurance at home and abroad, compares and analyzes the better development model at home and abroad, expounds the domestic pattern of Daxing District in Beijing, Yantai and Suzhou, and the United States abroad. The model of social endowment insurance in Germany and Japan is expounded and summarized, and their advanced experience is used for reference. Finally, according to the actual situation of rural social endowment insurance in Heilongjiang province, based on the experience of other pension insurance modes at home and abroad, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of rural social endowment insurance in Heilongjiang province. The paper can provide some policy reference for the relevant departments, have certain practical guiding significance for the future development of Heilongjiang rural old-age insurance, in addition, it can perfect the theoretical system of the rural social old-age security system. The establishment of urban and rural integration of social old-age security system to provide theoretical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F323.89;F842.67

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