本文選題：責任保險 + 大規(guī)模侵權風險�。� 參考：《山東大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,便隨著科學技術進步,生產(chǎn)和消費日趨大規(guī)�；�,在經(jīng)濟利益的刺激下,違法違規(guī)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營與新科技不確定性等帶來的食品安全、環(huán)境污染、重大突發(fā)事故等領域的大規(guī)模侵權事故不斷增多,逐漸成為民眾和輿論關注的焦點。大規(guī)模侵權具有受害者人數(shù)眾多、損失范圍和損失程度大、因果聯(lián)系錯綜復雜等特征,極易對社會秩序產(chǎn)生較大的沖擊,因此受到了越來越多的關注。 責任保險作為一種重要的風險管理是手段,能夠在較大的范圍內(nèi)分散風險,促進風險行為人加強風險控制,降低風險事故損失,保障投保人和受害者的利益,并有利于社會的和諧穩(wěn)定。然而我國責任保險在大規(guī)模侵權風險管理中的運用程度十分的低。這是由于我國法律制度不健全與執(zhí)法不嚴,使得我國責任保險發(fā)展缺乏堅實的法律基礎；公民維權難與維權意識不強,使得我國責任保險發(fā)展缺乏良好的社會環(huán)境；大規(guī)模侵權的外部性特點使得市場機制下責任保險有效供給和有效需求不足。為此,許多學者和政務工作者紛紛呼吁推廣強制責任保險。通過對政府、保險企業(yè)、風險行為人和受害人四方主體利益間的博弈分析,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的侵權風險發(fā)生頻率高、損失程度較大、責任保險市場供求不足、常需要政府花費較高事故處理成本的風險領域較適合引入強制保險模式。政府如果站在維護自身利益和受害者利益的角度,更傾向于選擇最大程度的保障水平。然而,政府也需要考慮強制責任保險供求雙方的訴求。完善我國大規(guī)模侵權風險管理機制,需要發(fā)揮責任保險在風險損失補償和風險防范控制中的作用,以更好地降低風險事故發(fā)生概率和損失程度,維護各方利益,促進社會的和諧穩(wěn)定。 本文共分為七個部分。第一部分為導論,主要介紹研究主題提出的背景和研究意義以及論文的主要創(chuàng)新點與不足。第二部分為文獻綜述,從大規(guī)模侵權風險管理和責任保險的運用兩個方面總結了國內(nèi)外學者相關的研究成果。第三部分,分析了我國大規(guī)模侵權風險管理的現(xiàn)狀,對大規(guī)模侵權風險及其特征、成因進行了介紹,并對我國大規(guī)模侵權風險管理的現(xiàn)狀進行了分析。第四部分,分析了我國責任保險在大規(guī)模侵權風險管理中運用的現(xiàn)狀,對責任保險具有的作用、運用現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展環(huán)境基礎進行分析的基礎上,運用經(jīng)濟學原理對其運用不足的原因進行了分析。第五部分,從不計免賠和帶有免賠額兩類強制責任保險的引入邊界分析入手,分析了引入強制責任保險的標準、我國強制責任保險模式的選擇問題,并提出了需要注意的問題。第六部分,通過構建我國企業(yè)大規(guī)模侵權事故四級補償機制和風險預防控制機制,探討責任保險在該機制中的運用問題。最后一部分是對文章的總結和對未來研究的展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the progress of science and technology, the scale of production and consumption has become larger and larger. Under the stimulus of economic benefits, the food safety and environmental pollution brought about by illegal production and operation and uncertainty of new science and technology, Large-scale tort accidents in the field of major accidents and other fields are increasing and gradually become the focus of attention of the public and public opinion. Large-scale tort has the characteristics of numerous victims, large loss range and loss degree, complicated causality and so on. It is easy to have a great impact on the social order, so it has been paid more and more attention. As an important means of risk management, liability insurance can spread the risk in a large scope, promote the risk doer to strengthen the risk control, reduce the risk accident loss, and protect the interests of the policy holder and the victim. And conducive to social harmony and stability. However, the application of liability insurance in large-scale tort risk management is very low. This is because our country's legal system is not perfect and the law enforcement is not strict, which makes the development of our liability insurance lack a solid legal foundation, the citizens' rights protection is difficult and the awareness of protecting rights is not strong, which makes the development of our liability insurance lack of a good social environment. The externality of mass infringement makes the effective supply and effective demand of liability insurance insufficient under the market mechanism. To this end, many scholars and government officials have called for the promotion of compulsory liability insurance. Through the game analysis between the government, insurance enterprises, risk doers and victims, we can find that the large-scale tort risk occurs frequently, the loss degree is large, and the supply and demand of liability insurance market is insufficient. The risk area which often requires the government to spend higher accident treatment cost is more suitable to introduce the compulsory insurance model. The government is more inclined to choose the maximum level of protection if it stands to safeguard its own interests and victims' interests. However, the government also needs to consider the demands of both supply and demand for compulsory liability insurance. In order to improve the risk management mechanism of large-scale tort in China, it is necessary to give full play to the role of liability insurance in risk loss compensation and risk prevention and control, so as to better reduce the probability and degree of risk accidents and safeguard the interests of all parties. Promote social harmony and stability. This paper is divided into seven parts. The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the background and significance of the research topic, as well as the main innovation points and shortcomings of the paper. The second part is the literature review, from the large-scale tort risk management and the application of liability insurance summarized the domestic and foreign scholars related research results. The third part analyzes the current situation of large-scale tort risk management in China, introduces the characteristics and causes of large-scale tort risk, and analyzes the current situation of large-scale tort risk management in China. The fourth part analyzes the application of liability insurance in large-scale tort risk management, the role of liability insurance, the application of the status quo and the development of the environmental basis of analysis. This paper analyzes the reasons for its lack of application by using the principles of economics. The fifth part, from the introduction boundary analysis of two kinds of compulsory liability insurance without deductible and with deductible amount, analyzes the standard of introducing compulsory liability insurance, the choice of compulsory liability insurance mode in our country, and puts forward some problems needing attention. The sixth part discusses the application of liability insurance in this mechanism by constructing the four-level compensation mechanism and risk prevention and control mechanism. The last part is the summary of the article and the prospect of future research.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F842.3

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