本文選題：城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度 + 公平性　； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：社會(huì)保障的作用是通過(guò)二次分配的調(diào)節(jié)盡可能地維護(hù)社會(huì)公平。公平是社會(huì)保障的核心理念。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我國(guó)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度在不斷地完善和發(fā)展，目前已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度全覆蓋，推進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化發(fā)展，朝著實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平正義的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)了一大步，使我國(guó)原有的城鄉(xiāng)二元分割的社會(huì)保障制度不公平性問(wèn)題得到初步解決。但是，城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)公平問(wèn)題不僅僅是城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌、制度統(tǒng)一就能完全解決的，城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)與城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位退休養(yǎng)老制度之間的不公平性、代際的不公平性、城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平、養(yǎng)老需求層次以及養(yǎng)老保障來(lái)源等方面的差異都是實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)真正公平必須解決的問(wèn)題。本文立足于這一社會(huì)背景，運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究、比較研究以及定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合的研究方法，從公平性的基本內(nèi)涵、評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和構(gòu)建原則入手，研究分析我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的公平性現(xiàn)狀，指出了這一制度還存在著外部不公平和內(nèi)部不公平以及其他方面的公平性不足問(wèn)題，并有針對(duì)性地提出對(duì)策。 本文提出，城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度是由政府部門(mén)組織，制定相應(yīng)的法律法規(guī)，符合條件的城鄉(xiāng)居民自愿參加，保障資金來(lái)源于政府補(bǔ)貼、社會(huì)統(tǒng)籌和個(gè)人繳費(fèi)，，用于保護(hù)城市和農(nóng)村居民老年基本生活的一種制度安排。城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度公平應(yīng)堅(jiān)持城鄉(xiāng)并重原則、內(nèi)外兼顧原則和持續(xù)發(fā)展原則。本文從農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度、城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度以及二者合并實(shí)施以后的新制度三個(gè)階段梳理了我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的發(fā)展歷程。分析了我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的公平性狀況，認(rèn)為現(xiàn)行制度基本體現(xiàn)了城鄉(xiāng)居民參保機(jī)會(huì)公平、參保規(guī)則公平和參保結(jié)果公平。同時(shí)，本文也認(rèn)為，城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度也存在著一定程度的公平性缺失現(xiàn)象，包括：制度外部不公平現(xiàn)象，體現(xiàn)在城鄉(xiāng)居民與城鎮(zhèn)職工（國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)、事業(yè)單位和城鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)職工等就業(yè)人群）的社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保障水平差距大、城鄉(xiāng)居民與城鎮(zhèn)職工的社會(huì)養(yǎng)老資源分配不均等以及城鄉(xiāng)居民與城鎮(zhèn)職工（含機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位人員）的收入水平差異大等方面。制度內(nèi)部不公平現(xiàn)象，體現(xiàn)在城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老需求不一致、城鄉(xiāng)居民對(duì)制度公平的感受不一致以及城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老金費(fèi)用來(lái)源存在差異等方面，而現(xiàn)行制度設(shè)計(jì)并未考慮這些因素。此外，還有因收入分配逆向調(diào)節(jié)、保障水平偏低，居民逆向選擇等引發(fā)的不公平問(wèn)題。 本文有針對(duì)性地提出了提升我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度公平性的對(duì)策，主要有：樹(shù)立養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)公平的理念、加大政府財(cái)政投入、增強(qiáng)制度激勵(lì)、漸進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位和城鎮(zhèn)職工與城鄉(xiāng)居保的制度整合、發(fā)展多層次的城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)體系、注重城鄉(xiāng)居保制度可持續(xù)性。
[Abstract]:The role of social security is to maintain social equity as far as possible through the adjustment of the two distribution. Fairness is the core concept of social security. Since the reform and opening up, the old-age insurance system in China has been continuously perfected and developed. At present, the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents has been fully covered, and the equalization of basic public services has been promoted. In order to achieve the goal of realizing social justice and justice, the problem of the unfairness of the social security system in the two yuan division of urban and rural areas in our country has been preliminarily solved. However, the fairness of the social endowment insurance of urban and rural residents is not only the urban and rural overall planning, but the unity of the system can be completely solved, the urban and rural social endowment insurance and the town and town are all solved. The inequality between the old-age insurance and the retirement system of the institutions and institutions, the inequity of the intergenerational, the living standard of the urban and rural residents, the level of the demand for the aged and the source of the old-age security are all problems that must be solved to realize the real fairness of the social endowment insurance of urban and rural residents. With the research methods of literature research, comparative study and qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the equity status of the social endowment insurance system in urban and rural residents in China is studied and analyzed from the basic connotation of fairness, evaluation index and construction principle, and it is pointed out that there are external injustice, internal injustice and others. The problem of fairness is not enough, and countermeasures are put forward accordingly.
This paper puts forward that the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents is organized by the government departments, the corresponding laws and regulations, the voluntary participation of urban and rural residents in accordance with the conditions, the protection of funds from government subsidies, social co-ordination and personal contributions, for the protection of the basic life of the elderly in urban and rural residents, and the social support of urban and rural residents. The old insurance system should adhere to the principle of urban and rural equal importance, the principle of both internal and external and the principle of sustainable development. This article combs the development course of the social old-age insurance system of urban and rural residents in China from the rural social endowment insurance system, the pension insurance system for urban dwellers and the new system after the implementation of the two parties. The fairness of the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents, the present system basically embodies the fairness of the opportunities for urban and rural residents to participate in insurance, the fairness of the rules of participation and the fair result of the insurance. At the same time, this article also believes that the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents has a certain absence of fairness in a certain range, including the outside system. The fair phenomenon is reflected in the large gap between urban and rural residents and urban workers (state organs, institutions and employees in urban enterprises). The distribution of social endowment resources in urban and rural residents and urban workers is not equal, and the income levels of urban and rural residents and urban workers (including institutions and institutions) have great differences. The inconsistencies in the system are reflected in the inconsistencies in the basic needs of the urban and rural residents, the disagreement between the urban and rural residents on the institutional equity and the difference in the source of the pension costs of the urban and rural residents, while the current system design does not take these factors into consideration. Unfairness caused by adverse selection of residents.
This paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the fairness of the social endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents in China. It is mainly as follows: establishing the concept of the equity of the endowment insurance, increasing the government financial input, strengthening the system incentive, gradually realizing the system integration of the institutions and urban workers and urban and rural residents, and developing the multi-level urban and rural residents' pension. The insurance system emphasizes the sustainability of the urban and rural housing security system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F842.67

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