本文選題：歐洲　切入點(diǎn)：養(yǎng)老金制度改革　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)中葉以來(lái),無(wú)論是在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是發(fā)展中國(guó)家,養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題都是亟需解決的一個(gè)難題。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶來(lái)的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化以及人口老齡化帶來(lái)的“銀色浪潮”,使得現(xiàn)代國(guó)家的養(yǎng)老金制度愈發(fā)不適應(yīng)不斷變化的外部環(huán)境。因此,許多國(guó)家通過(guò)不同的路徑對(duì)其養(yǎng)老金制度進(jìn)行了改革。歐洲作為社會(huì)保障的發(fā)源地,擁有較為成熟的養(yǎng)老金體系,其改革一直走在世界的前列。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái),歐洲的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境遭遇了重大變化。金融危機(jī)以及不斷深化的人口老齡化對(duì)歐洲各國(guó)的養(yǎng)老金制度產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)峻的沖擊。特別是歐洲主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī),將養(yǎng)老金制度推到了風(fēng)口浪尖。歐洲國(guó)家在面對(duì)人口老齡化和金融危機(jī)的沖擊下,究竟是如何進(jìn)行改革?不同模式的國(guó)家在養(yǎng)老金制度改革中采用了怎樣的路徑方案?文章截取其中三個(gè)典型國(guó)家的養(yǎng)老金改革進(jìn)行分析,分別是英國(guó)、德國(guó)和希臘。這三個(gè)國(guó)家都是歐洲養(yǎng)老金制度的典型代表。通過(guò)參考、分析養(yǎng)老金改革的文獻(xiàn)與資料,文章對(duì)歐洲典型國(guó)家——英國(guó)、德國(guó)和希臘的養(yǎng)老金制度改革進(jìn)行研究,分析養(yǎng)老金制度改革的趨勢(shì)和動(dòng)因,并且對(duì)改革成效進(jìn)行衡量評(píng)價(jià)。本研究通過(guò)整理歐洲典型國(guó)家養(yǎng)老金制度改革的歷史進(jìn)程與最新的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展,梳理歐洲典型國(guó)家養(yǎng)老金改革的異同點(diǎn),為我國(guó)政府在養(yǎng)老金改革中的角色定位提供參考。文章認(rèn)為目前養(yǎng)老金改革的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是強(qiáng)調(diào)在人口結(jié)構(gòu)沖擊和金融危機(jī)沖擊下制度的穩(wěn)健性；強(qiáng)調(diào)私有化之下的公平性；通過(guò)財(cái)政方面的改革,開(kāi)源節(jié)流,建立可持續(xù)財(cái)政。而我國(guó)在制度設(shè)計(jì)初期也應(yīng)該遵循這樣的思路,應(yīng)堅(jiān)持多支柱的改革方向,鼓勵(lì)職業(yè)養(yǎng)老金和個(gè)人養(yǎng)老金的發(fā)展；應(yīng)強(qiáng)化多弱勢(shì)群體的扶持力度,在發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)試點(diǎn)多支柱改革的同時(shí),加強(qiáng)對(duì)落后地區(qū)、弱勢(shì)群體的扶持力度；應(yīng)保證財(cái)政的可持續(xù)性,最大程度上保證其資金、財(cái)政和經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期活力和可持續(xù)性。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of 20th century, in both developed and developing countries, The pension problem is a difficult problem that needs to be solved. Due to the macroeconomic changes brought by economic globalization and the "silver wave" brought by the aging population, the pension system in modern countries is becoming more and more inadaptable to the constant changes. Therefore, Many countries have reformed their pension systems in different ways. Europe, the birthplace of social security, has a more mature pension system, and its reform has been in the forefront of the world. Since 21th century, Europe's social structure and economic environment have undergone major changes. The financial crisis and the deepening ageing of the population have had a severe impact on European pension systems, especially the European sovereign debt crisis. The pension system has been pushed to the head. How are European countries going to reform in the face of an ageing population and a financial crisis? What path schemes have been adopted by countries with different models in pension system reform? This paper analyzes pension reform in three typical countries, namely, Britain, Germany and Greece. These three countries are typical representatives of European pension system. This paper studies the reform of pension system in Britain, Germany and Greece, and analyzes the trend and motivation of pension system reform. This study collates the historical process and the latest dynamic development of pension system reform in typical European countries, combs the similarities and differences of pension reform in typical European countries. The paper points out that the development trend of pension reform is to emphasize the stability of the system under the impact of population structure and financial crisis, to emphasize the fairness of privatization, and to provide a reference for the role of our government in pension reform. Through the reform of finance, increasing income and reducing expenditure, and establishing sustainable finance, our country should follow this way of thinking in the early stage of system design, should adhere to the direction of multi-pillar reform, encourage the development of occupational pension and individual pension; We should strengthen the support of the multi-vulnerable groups and strengthen the support for the backward areas and the vulnerable groups while piloting multi-pillar reforms in the developed regions, and ensure the financial sustainability and, to the maximum extent, the funds of the disadvantaged groups. Long-term financial and economic viability and sustainability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F841.67

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：1640444