本文選題：地震保險　切入點(diǎn)：多層次　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,世界范圍內(nèi)地震、洪水、臺風(fēng)、泥石流等自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生的頻率不斷上升,給人類的生產(chǎn)和生活造成了極大的影響。距世界再保險業(yè)兩大巨頭的報(bào)告,2011年由自然災(zāi)害和人為災(zāi)難帶來的損失達(dá)到了1000億美元以上,經(jīng)濟(jì)損失達(dá)到了歷史上的最高記錄,達(dá)到了3700億美元以上1。而我國是世界上自然災(zāi)害最為嚴(yán)重的國家之一,災(zāi)害種類多、發(fā)生頻率高、分布地域廣、造成損失極大。建國以來,我國洪澇災(zāi)害每年平均發(fā)生5.8次,登陸臺風(fēng)每年大約7次,7級以上地震年均發(fā)生9次,平均每年造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失約占平均GDP的3.6%,占年財(cái)政收入的30%左右2。 在這些巨災(zāi)損失中,地震給我國造成的損失和影響最大。地震以其突發(fā)性、驚人的破壞力給人類生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展帶來了嚴(yán)重的危害。我國處于環(huán)太平洋地震帶,地震帶分布廣、破壞力強(qiáng)、災(zāi)害損失極其嚴(yán)重,并且還會引發(fā)如山體滑坡、海嘯等次生災(zāi)害。從受災(zāi)人口看,因?yàn)?zāi)死亡人數(shù)最多的十次震中,有四次發(fā)生在中國。并且在受災(zāi)較嚴(yán)重的2008年和2010年,災(zāi)害直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失直接占到了GDP的3.91%和1.33%。雖然我國政府和社會各界都在震后第一時間進(jìn)行了積極的救援,但是由于地震發(fā)生后果的慘烈性,震后人們的心靈遭受不可磨滅的嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷,災(zāi)后救援和重建工作難度大,商業(yè)保險公司并沒有發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。開展地震保險是實(shí)現(xiàn)減輕災(zāi)害、社會互助的有效途徑,世界上許多國家和地區(qū),如美國、日本、土耳其、臺灣等相繼建立了地震保險制度,而我國尚未建立起真正意義上的地震巨災(zāi)保險制度。2008年汶川特大地震造成的傷痛還未完全撫平,2010青海玉樹地震和2013年蘆山地震的發(fā)生讓又一次讓我們陷入了無限悲痛中,慘重的損失凸顯了我國地震風(fēng)險補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的不足。悲痛之后我們更多的是應(yīng)該反思如何減輕地震對我們造成的巨大損失,構(gòu)建適合我國的多層次的地震保險制度和加快地震預(yù)測科技的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為刻不容緩的任務(wù)。 由于我國保險業(yè)發(fā)展時間較短,地震保險也起步較晚,且由于各方面條件所限制,地震保險在我國—直沒有真正實(shí)施過。在關(guān)于我國地震保險制度的構(gòu)建方面,近年來有不少學(xué)者一直專注于這方面的研究,并且也取得了重要的成果。但是,我國由于受經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和居民風(fēng)險意識所限,在地震保險的具體實(shí)施中還有很多問題需要解決,不能一味照抄照搬國外地震保險制度的成功模式。而關(guān)于地震保險的模式的選擇在我國學(xué)術(shù)界也一直備受爭議,對于保險公司、政府在地震保險制度中各自該處于一個什么樣的角色和定位一直沒有得出一個明確的結(jié)論。 因此,本文從地震保險的原理出發(fā),論述了地震保險制度的涵義,從我國地震保險制度的現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)分析了我國地震保險制度目前所存在的問題。并從模式類型、立法、主管機(jī)構(gòu)、費(fèi)率的厘定等方面對境外典型國家的地震保險模式進(jìn)行了比較,從而得出對我國構(gòu)建地震保險制度的一些啟示。接著,筆者從政府和保險公司單獨(dú)經(jīng)營地震保險面臨的理論和實(shí)踐困境進(jìn)行分析,在總結(jié)前面幾章的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了我國地震保險制度具體的構(gòu)建的框架,那就是應(yīng)當(dāng)走政府和市場相結(jié)合的道路,具體明確了政府和商業(yè)保險公司的角色和各自的職責(zé),并且論述了資本市場和國際再保險市場對于分散地震風(fēng)險的重要作用。最后,本文從監(jiān)管的角度出發(fā),提出保障地震保險制度運(yùn)營的關(guān)鍵是要盡快出臺巨災(zāi)保險監(jiān)管方面的法律,并且也明確了NGO等在地震應(yīng)急與救援中的作用,更好地構(gòu)建我國多層次的地震風(fēng)險分散機(jī)制。地震保險制度在我國建立后,必將更加有力地應(yīng)對地震風(fēng)險,造福于民。
[Abstract]:In recent years, worldwide earthquake, flood, typhoon, rising natural disasters such as the debris flow occurrence frequency, which has a great influence to the human life and production. From the world's two giant reinsurance industry report, 2011 caused by natural and man-made disasters losses of more than $100 billion, economic losses reached the highest record in history, reached more than $370 billion in 1. and China is one of the countries with most serious natural disasters in the world, many types of disasters, high frequency, wide distribution, resulting in great loss. Since the founding of new China, China's average annual flood disaster occurred 5.8 times, landing typhoon every year about 7 times. An average of more than 7 earthquake occurred 9 times, the average annual economic losses accounted for about 3.6% of GDP on average, accounting for about 30% of the annual revenue of 2.
In the earthquake catastrophe losses, causing China's loss and the greatest impact. The earthquake with its sudden, amazing destructive to human life and property safety, economic and social development has brought serious harm. China is in the circum Pacific seismic belt, earthquake with wide distribution, breaking force, disaster losses extremely serious, and can cause secondary disasters such as landslides, tsunamis. From the affected population, the number of death tolls ten times the most, four occurred in the China. And the more serious the disaster in 2008 and 2010, the direct economic loss of disaster loss directly accounted for 3.91% of GDP and 1.33%. in our government and the community are the first time after the earthquake has been actively rescue, but because of the tragic earthquake consequences, after the earthquake people's hearts suffered severe trauma indelible, disaster relief and reconstruction work difficult, commercial insurance The insurance company did not play its due role. Developing earthquake insurance is the realization of disaster reduction, effective way of social assistance, many countries and regions in the world, such as the United States, Japan, Turkey and Taiwan have established the earthquake insurance system, but China has not yet established by a real sense of the earthquake catastrophe insurance system.2008 the Wenchuan earthquake pain is not completely healed, 2010 occurred in Qinghai Yushu earthquake and Lushan earthquake in 2013 that once again let us into the infinite grief, heavy losses highlights the lack of earthquake risk compensation system in our country. After the machine is more grief we should reflect on how to reduce the earthquake caused huge losses to us the construction of China's multi-level earthquake insurance system and accelerate the development of earthquake prediction technology has become an urgent task.
Due to the development of China's insurance industry in a relatively short time, the earthquake insurance started late, and confined by various conditions, the earthquake insurance in our country, the real implementation in the construction. No straight about the earthquake insurance system in China in recent years, many scholars have focused on this aspect of the study, and also achieved important results. However, due to China's economic development level and the residents' awareness of risk limits, there are many problems to be solved in the implementation of the earthquake insurance, can not blindly copy foreign successful model of earthquake insurance system. And on the earthquake insurance mode selection in the academic circles of our country also has been controversial. For insurance companies, the government in the earthquake insurance system in the respective is what kind of role does not draw a clear conclusion.
Therefore, this article from the principle of earthquake insurance, discusses the meaning of the earthquake insurance system, from the current situation of China's earthquake insurance system of earthquake insurance system in our current problems. And from the pattern type, legislation, administrative institution, the rates determined as compared with overseas typical national earthquake the insurance model, so as to get some enlightenment to the construction of China's earthquake insurance system. Then, the author from the government and insurance companies to separate the operation of earthquake insurance face theoretical and practical dilemma is analyzed, based on the summary of the previous chapter, put forward the framework of China's earthquake insurance system that is specific, the government should go the market and the road of combining the specific role of the government and the Business insurance company and their respective duties, and discusses the capital market and the international reinsurance market to disperse The important role of earthquake risk. Finally, this paper from the angle of supervision, the key to protect the operation of earthquake insurance system is the introduction of catastrophe insurance regulatory laws as soon as possible, and also clear the NGO emergency and rescue in earthquake, the better construction of our multi-level seismic risk diversification mechanism of earthquake insurance. After the establishment of the system in our country, will be more effectively to deal with earthquake risk, for the benefit of the people.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F842.64

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