本文關(guān)鍵詞： 介護保險 人口老齡化 日常照護　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：進入21世紀以來,全世界都在密切關(guān)注著同一個問題:人口老齡化。無論是發(fā)達國家還是發(fā)展中國家,老齡人口的快速增長已經(jīng)成為世界各國亟需解決的難題,我國當然也不例外。據(jù)統(tǒng)計資料顯示2015年年底,我國65歲以上的老年人群體有14386萬人,占總?cè)丝诘?0.5%。而根據(jù)專家預(yù)測到2050年,我國將成為全世界第一大的老年人口國家,老年人口將達到驚人的4.8億。而且隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)水平、衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療技術(shù)、飲食條件等因素的提高和改善,我國人口的平均壽命還在不斷提高,老齡化甚至高齡化的問題日益嚴峻。此外,我們還面臨著老齡化向高齡化轉(zhuǎn)換的風(fēng)險。高齡群體的患病率大大增加,其對護理的需求也逐漸提高,如何構(gòu)建合理的長期護理保險模式,解決龐大的市場需求是我國政府接下來工作的重點之一。日本作為世界上老齡化程度最高的國家,其在治理老年人問題方面有著非常豐富且有效的經(jīng)驗,介護保險便是其中一項切實可行的應(yīng)對策略。日本的長期護理保險,也稱作介護保險,早在1960年便開始著手策劃制定介護保險制度,當時日本的老齡化率為5.7%。1962年訪問護理(居家?guī)椭⻊?wù))事業(yè)創(chuàng)建,1963年《老年人福利法》制定,明確了訪問護理的法制化,隨后歷經(jīng)長達40年的不斷探索與發(fā)展,在2000年4月日本正式出臺介護保險法,將介護保險納入到社會保險體系之中。本文通過對日本介護保險模式的分析,整理出日本模式的成功經(jīng)驗以及存在的問題,由于日本是我國的近鄰,且在生活方式、文化觀念以及家庭結(jié)構(gòu)上與我國有著諸多的相似之處,所以本文以日本為參考,為我國的長期護理保險制度的構(gòu)建提出建議。本文首先對日本介護保險制度等相關(guān)概念理論做出總結(jié)性的概述,緊接著從人口老齡化角度分析了日本介護保險建立的原因,并且對現(xiàn)行的介護保險制度的模式、水平和效用進行了系統(tǒng)的論述。其次主要研究了日本介護保險制度建立的背景,并總結(jié)了發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),涉及到了制度建立的原因、合理的制度模式以及適度水平。主要對護理保險的繳費、給付水平進行研究論證,得出合理適度的保險水平,同時引出了日本介護保險存在的問題。即財政支出水平過高、服務(wù)運行過程中的不公平以及地區(qū)間給付水平的差異。以日本介護保險為借鑒,結(jié)合我國國情,從模式、水平及可行性角度分析構(gòu)建出合理的護理保險制度。最后是將理論分析中得到的啟示建議與中國實際結(jié)合起來,并提出四點優(yōu)化設(shè)計構(gòu)想。1.建立長期護理保險的合理模式。2.設(shè)計政府、企業(yè)與個人三方籌資適度水平。3.加強長期護理保險的專業(yè)人才隊伍建設(shè)。4.強化地方長期護理保險與服務(wù)的資源配置。
[Abstract]:Since 21th century, the world has been paying close attention to the same problem: the aging of the population. The rapid growth of the aging population, both in developed and developing countries, has become a difficult problem for all countries of the world to solve. Of course, China is no exception. According to statistics, at the end of 2015, there were 143.86 million elderly people over 65 years old in our country, accounting for 10.5 percent of the total population. According to experts' forecast, by 2050, China will become the largest elderly population country in the world. The elderly population will reach an astonishing 480 million. And with the improvement and improvement of science and technology, health and medical technology, diet and other factors, the average life expectancy of the Chinese population is still increasing. The problem of aging and even aging is becoming more and more serious. In addition, we are also facing the risk of the transition from aging to aging. The prevalence rate of the elderly population has increased greatly, and the demand for nursing care has gradually increased. How to build a reasonable long-term care insurance model and solve the huge market demand is one of the key tasks of our government. Japan is the most aging country in the world. It has a very rich and effective experience in dealing with older people, and referral insurance is one of the practical coping strategies. Japan's long-term care insurance, also known as referral insurance, As early as 1960, it began to plan and formulate a system of insurance for the elderly. At that time, the aging rate in Japan was 5.7.1962 when the cause of visiting nursing (home help services) was founded. The "Welfare of the elderly" Act of 1963 was enacted, which clarified the legalization of visiting nursing. Then after 40 years of continuous exploration and development, in April 2000, Japan formally introduced the law of insurance, which brought it into the social insurance system. Collate the successful experience and existing problems of the Japanese model. Because Japan is a close neighbor of our country, and has many similarities with our country in life style, cultural concept and family structure, so this paper takes Japan as a reference. In this paper, the author makes a summary of Japan's insurance system and other related concepts, and then analyzes the reasons for the establishment of Japan's insurance system from the point of view of aging population. Secondly, it mainly studies the background of the establishment of the insurance system in Japan, and summarizes the experience and lessons of the development, involving the reasons for the establishment of the system. The reasonable system model and appropriate level. This paper mainly studies and proves the payment and payment level of nursing insurance, and obtains the reasonable and moderate insurance level, and at the same time leads to the problems existing in Japan's insurance system, that is, the level of financial expenditure is too high. The unfairness in the process of service operation and the differences in the level of payment between regions. Taking Japanese insurance as a reference, combining with the national conditions of our country, from the mode, A reasonable nursing insurance system is constructed from the angle of level and feasibility. Finally, the enlightening suggestions obtained from the theoretical analysis are combined with the actual situation in China. And put forward a four-point optimal design concept. 1. Establish a reasonable mode of long-term care insurance. 2.Design the government, The appropriate level of financing between enterprises and individuals. 3. Strengthen the construction of long-term nursing insurance professionals. 4. Strengthen the local long-term care insurance and service resources allocation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F843.13;F842.6

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