【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系不斷加強(qiáng),國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)不斷開(kāi)放,在取得巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)成就的同時(shí)并未建立起相應(yīng)的統(tǒng)一、開(kāi)放、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、有序的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)體系。我國(guó)的市場(chǎng)分割源于上世紀(jì)80年代初期中央政府推行的以"財(cái)政包干"為核心的行政分權(quán)改革,各地方政府為獲得更多的政治晉升機(jī)會(huì)競(jìng)相采取行政管制手段來(lái)限制市場(chǎng)自由流通。雖然我國(guó)在消除地方保護(hù)主義、削弱市場(chǎng)分割的努力已經(jīng)取得一定成效,但在要素市場(chǎng)中,勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的地方保護(hù)最為嚴(yán)重,即勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)分割程度最大。勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)分割,或勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)壁壘是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象,這種現(xiàn)象源于改革開(kāi)放前限制人口流動(dòng)的傳統(tǒng)政策導(dǎo)向,雖然上個(gè)世紀(jì)九十年代,我國(guó)沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)先后出現(xiàn)"民工潮",大規(guī)模的勞動(dòng)力實(shí)現(xiàn)了跨區(qū)域頻繁流動(dòng),尤其是2000年以后,我國(guó)逐步清理對(duì)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)造成歧視性的規(guī)章制度及相關(guān)措施,我國(guó)進(jìn)入了勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)遷移最為活躍的時(shí)期,但勞動(dòng)力跨區(qū)域、跨城鄉(xiāng)、跨行業(yè)流動(dòng)依然面臨各種壁壘。勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)壁壘的存在,分割了我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),降低了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)配置效率,阻礙我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。同時(shí),在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)步入新常態(tài)的現(xiàn)實(shí)背景下,消除勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)壁壘,構(gòu)建統(tǒng)一的國(guó)內(nèi)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)是推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)改革,釋放改革紅利,保障經(jīng)濟(jì)中高速增長(zhǎng)的應(yīng)有之義。本文利用各省暫住證數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)證研究我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)是否存在省際邊界壁壘,即勞動(dòng)力跨省流動(dòng)是否受到各省之間行政邊界的負(fù)面影響。本文通過(guò)分析代表性居民的就業(yè)區(qū)位選擇,得出宏觀上勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的實(shí)證模型,并采用31個(gè)省2002-2014年面板數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)估計(jì)省際邊界虛擬變量對(duì)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的影響。結(jié)果表明,該變量的估計(jì)系數(shù)顯著為負(fù),說(shuō)明我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)存在省際邊界壁壘,該壁壘的存在導(dǎo)致在全國(guó)層面上2014年省際勞動(dòng)力總流動(dòng)潛在減少了 21.45%至30.14%。同時(shí),勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)預(yù)期收入增加能顯著促進(jìn)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng),而就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)部分影響勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)。本文還分別利用務(wù)工與服務(wù),務(wù)工、服務(wù)與經(jīng)商,務(wù)工、服務(wù)與務(wù)農(nóng)動(dòng)機(jī)的暫住證數(shù)據(jù)替代所有動(dòng)機(jī)的暫住證數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果證明上述結(jié)論具有很好的穩(wěn)健性。本文還進(jìn)一步探究了我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)省際邊界壁壘是否在東、中、西部之間存在區(qū)域差異,在考慮了勞動(dòng)力跨區(qū)域流動(dòng)時(shí)可能受到同樣不可觀測(cè)因素影響的情況下,采用似不相關(guān)回歸模型(SUR)對(duì)省級(jí)面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行估計(jì),研究結(jié)果表明我國(guó)東、中、西部勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)省際邊界壁壘依次遞增,并且西部地區(qū)的勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)省際邊界壁壘分別比東部地區(qū)和中部地區(qū)大 33.1%～51.9%和 66.2%～103.8%。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign economic ties have been strengthened, the domestic market has been continuously open, and the domestic market system has not been set up in a unified, open, competitive and orderly manner while it has made great achievements in economic construction. Market segmentation in our country stems from the central government's reform of administrative decentralization, which was carried out by the central government in the early 1980s. Local governments are competing for more opportunities for political advancement by adopting administrative controls to limit the free flow of markets. Although our country has achieved some results in eliminating local protectionism and weakening market segmentation, in the factor market, the local protection of labor market is the most serious, that is, labor market segmentation is the largest. Labor market segmentation, or barriers to labour mobility, is a common phenomenon that stems from the traditional policy of restricting population mobility before the reform and opening up, although in the 1990s, In the developed coastal areas of China, there has been a "wave of civil workers" successively, and large-scale labor force has realized frequent cross-regional mobility. Especially after 2000, China has gradually cleaned up the rules and regulations and related measures that are discriminatory to the movement of labor force. China has entered the most active period of labor mobility and migration, but the labor force is still facing various barriers across regions, urban and rural areas and industries. The existence of labor flow barriers has divided the labor market of our country, reduced the efficiency of labor market allocation, and hindered the sustained and stable development of our country's economy. At the same time, under the background of our country's economy stepping into the new normal, eliminating the barriers of labor flow and constructing a unified domestic labor market is the proper meaning of promoting structural reform, releasing the reform dividend and ensuring the rapid growth of the economy. Based on the provincial temporary residence permit data, this paper empirically studies whether there are interprovincial boundary barriers to labor mobility in China, that is, whether the inter-provincial labor mobility is negatively affected by the administrative boundary between provinces. By analyzing the employment location choice of representative residents, this paper obtains an empirical model of labor mobility in macro level, and estimates the effect of virtual variables of provincial boundaries on labor mobility by using the panel data of 31 provinces from 2002 to 2014. The results show that the estimated coefficient of this variable is significantly negative, indicating that there are interprovincial boundary barriers to labor mobility in China, which leads to a potential reduction of 21.45% to 30.14% in the total provincial labor flow in 2014 at the national level. At the same time, the increase of expected income of labor mobility can significantly promote labor mobility, while employment opportunities partly affect labor mobility. This paper also uses the temporary residence permit data of workers and services, workers, service and business, workers, service and agricultural motivation to replace the temporary residence permit data of all motivations. The results show that the above conclusions have good robustness. This paper also explores whether there are regional differences between the east, middle and western regions of the interprovincial boundary barriers of labor mobility in China, and considering the influence of the same unobservable factors on the cross-regional mobility of labor force. The provincial panel data are estimated by using seemingly unrelated regression model (SUR). The results show that the interprovincial boundary barriers of labor mobility in the east, middle and west of China increase in turn. Moreover, the interprovincial boundary barriers of labor mobility in western China are 51.9% and 103.8% larger than those in eastern and central regions, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F249.2

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