移動(dòng)配送模式下快速響應(yīng)需求的車輛動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-28 21:26
【摘要】：在電子商務(wù)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)快速發(fā)展的背景下,越來(lái)越多的領(lǐng)域開始應(yīng)用移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),并不斷改變著人們的消費(fèi)模式,城市配送需求也在不斷發(fā)生著變化。送貨上門成為配送服務(wù)優(yōu)勢(shì)的同時(shí)也給配送端帶來(lái)了更高的挑戰(zhàn),為維持市場(chǎng)份額,配送端往往存在著配送成本高與配送時(shí)效低之間的矛盾,如何滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的城市配送是配送端亟待解決的問(wèn)題�？梢哉f(shuō),對(duì)顧客進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品的及時(shí)配送是企業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵,而適當(dāng)?shù)能囕v調(diào)度方式是縮短配送時(shí)間和降低配送成本的重要因素之一。一方面隨著消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,更多需求呈現(xiàn)出隨機(jī)性、時(shí)效性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn);另一方面隨著市區(qū)租賃成本增高以及部分功能外移等,城區(qū)末端配送中心或配送站出現(xiàn)數(shù)量或面積縮減等現(xiàn)象,而為維持市場(chǎng)份額,實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)需求環(huán)境下配送服務(wù)的快速響應(yīng)也成為末端配送關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。因此本文在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)需求隨機(jī)性高、時(shí)效性強(qiáng)、需求頻率較高的配送作業(yè)提出一種移動(dòng)配送模式,建立了相應(yīng)的車輛調(diào)度模型,給相關(guān)產(chǎn)品末端配送業(yè)務(wù)提供一定參考。本文主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)針對(duì)某些末端需求隨機(jī)性強(qiáng)、時(shí)效性強(qiáng)、需求頻率較高等特點(diǎn)以及配送特點(diǎn),提出了適合末端配送站點(diǎn)或銷售點(diǎn)的移動(dòng)配送模式,即將配送車輛視為移動(dòng)小型配送站,車中庫(kù)存為動(dòng)態(tài)可分配資源,根據(jù)站點(diǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)指令實(shí)時(shí)快速響應(yīng)配送,無(wú)貨時(shí)可回站點(diǎn)取貨,當(dāng)前無(wú)任務(wù)且有庫(kù)存可在原地待命而無(wú)須返回站點(diǎn),以減少車輛的無(wú)效運(yùn)輸和前置時(shí)間,提高訂單的配送效率;并對(duì)移動(dòng)配送模式的適用范圍和配送特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析總結(jié),得出了"移動(dòng)配送+實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)度"的應(yīng)用范圍和優(yōu)勢(shì)。(2)結(jié)合已有的車輛調(diào)度研究基礎(chǔ)、移動(dòng)配送模式特點(diǎn)以及實(shí)際配送情況,考慮當(dāng)動(dòng)態(tài)訂單到達(dá)時(shí),如果車中實(shí)際庫(kù)存不足中途車輛可回站點(diǎn)裝載情況下接受路徑優(yōu)化,而非舍棄其優(yōu)化資格;首先建立了移動(dòng)配送模式下不帶時(shí)間窗的車輛動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)度模型;然后結(jié)合末端配售特點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了以承諾交付時(shí)間為時(shí)間窗且考慮車輛反應(yīng)時(shí)間的車輛動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)度模型,使得在相同條件下配送成本和懲罰成本盡可能低。(3)結(jié)合實(shí)地調(diào)研情況,以桶裝飲用水行業(yè)為背景,北京市一末端水站點(diǎn)配送情況為例,對(duì)移動(dòng)配送模式以及車輛調(diào)度模型的運(yùn)用進(jìn)行測(cè)驗(yàn);運(yùn)用MATLAB進(jìn)行算法編程,對(duì)隨機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)訂單進(jìn)行車輛調(diào)度和路徑優(yōu)化,結(jié)果表明本文提出的"移動(dòng)配送+實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)度"可以提高訂單的反應(yīng)速率和配送效率、減少車輛的無(wú)效運(yùn)輸,實(shí)現(xiàn)快速配送的同時(shí)降低配送成本。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rapid development of electronic commerce and information network, more and more fields begin to use mobile network, and constantly change the consumption pattern of people, and the demand of urban distribution is also changing. Door-to-door delivery has become the advantage of distribution service, but also brought higher challenges to the distribution end. In order to maintain market share, the distribution end often has the contradiction between high distribution cost and low distribution efficiency. How to satisfy the increasing urban distribution is an urgent problem to be solved. It can be said that timely delivery of products to customers is the key to the success of enterprises, and appropriate vehicle scheduling is one of the important factors to shorten the delivery time and reduce the cost of distribution. On the one hand, with the change of consumption structure, more demand presents some characteristics such as randomness and strong timeliness; on the other hand, with the increase of rental costs in urban areas and the outward migration of some functions, In order to maintain the market share and realize the rapid response of the distribution service in the dynamic demand environment, the terminal distribution center or distribution station has become the focus of attention. Therefore, based on the existing research, this paper proposes a mobile distribution model for the distribution operations with high demand randomness, high timeliness and high demand frequency, and establishes the corresponding vehicle scheduling model. To provide some reference for the related product terminal distribution business. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the characteristics of some terminal demand such as strong randomness, strong timeliness, high demand frequency and distribution characteristics, a mobile distribution mode suitable for terminal distribution site or point of sale is put forward. The distribution vehicle is regarded as a small mobile distribution station, the inventory in the vehicle is dynamically distributable resources, according to the site dynamic instructions real-time response to the distribution, no goods can be returned to the site to pick up goods, At present, there is no task and inventory can be put on standby without returning to the station, in order to reduce the invalid transportation and lead time of vehicles, improve the distribution efficiency of orders, and analyze and summarize the applicable scope and distribution characteristics of mobile distribution mode. The application scope and advantages of "real-time dispatch of mobile distribution" are obtained. (2) considering the characteristics of mobile distribution mode and the actual distribution situation, considering the dynamic order when the arrival of the dynamic order, combined with the existing research foundation of vehicle scheduling, the characteristics of mobile distribution mode and the actual distribution situation, If the vehicle in the vehicle is in short inventory, the vehicle can be loaded back to the station to accept the route optimization, instead of abandoning its optimization qualification. Firstly, the vehicle dynamic scheduling model without time window is established in the mobile distribution mode. Then, according to the characteristics of end-placement, a vehicle dynamic scheduling model with the time window of commitment delivery time and considering the reaction time of vehicle is established. Under the same conditions, the cost of distribution and punishment is as low as possible. (3) combining with the field investigation, taking the barreled drinking water industry as the background, the distribution situation of the water station at the end of Beijing is taken as an example. The application of mobile distribution model and vehicle scheduling model is tested, and the algorithm programming with MATLAB is used to carry out vehicle scheduling and route optimization for random dynamic orders. The results show that the proposed "mobile distribution real-time scheduling" can improve the order response rate and delivery efficiency, reduce the invalid transportation of vehicles, and achieve rapid distribution while reducing the cost of distribution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F252.1
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rapid development of electronic commerce and information network, more and more fields begin to use mobile network, and constantly change the consumption pattern of people, and the demand of urban distribution is also changing. Door-to-door delivery has become the advantage of distribution service, but also brought higher challenges to the distribution end. In order to maintain market share, the distribution end often has the contradiction between high distribution cost and low distribution efficiency. How to satisfy the increasing urban distribution is an urgent problem to be solved. It can be said that timely delivery of products to customers is the key to the success of enterprises, and appropriate vehicle scheduling is one of the important factors to shorten the delivery time and reduce the cost of distribution. On the one hand, with the change of consumption structure, more demand presents some characteristics such as randomness and strong timeliness; on the other hand, with the increase of rental costs in urban areas and the outward migration of some functions, In order to maintain the market share and realize the rapid response of the distribution service in the dynamic demand environment, the terminal distribution center or distribution station has become the focus of attention. Therefore, based on the existing research, this paper proposes a mobile distribution model for the distribution operations with high demand randomness, high timeliness and high demand frequency, and establishes the corresponding vehicle scheduling model. To provide some reference for the related product terminal distribution business. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the characteristics of some terminal demand such as strong randomness, strong timeliness, high demand frequency and distribution characteristics, a mobile distribution mode suitable for terminal distribution site or point of sale is put forward. The distribution vehicle is regarded as a small mobile distribution station, the inventory in the vehicle is dynamically distributable resources, according to the site dynamic instructions real-time response to the distribution, no goods can be returned to the site to pick up goods, At present, there is no task and inventory can be put on standby without returning to the station, in order to reduce the invalid transportation and lead time of vehicles, improve the distribution efficiency of orders, and analyze and summarize the applicable scope and distribution characteristics of mobile distribution mode. The application scope and advantages of "real-time dispatch of mobile distribution" are obtained. (2) considering the characteristics of mobile distribution mode and the actual distribution situation, considering the dynamic order when the arrival of the dynamic order, combined with the existing research foundation of vehicle scheduling, the characteristics of mobile distribution mode and the actual distribution situation, If the vehicle in the vehicle is in short inventory, the vehicle can be loaded back to the station to accept the route optimization, instead of abandoning its optimization qualification. Firstly, the vehicle dynamic scheduling model without time window is established in the mobile distribution mode. Then, according to the characteristics of end-placement, a vehicle dynamic scheduling model with the time window of commitment delivery time and considering the reaction time of vehicle is established. Under the same conditions, the cost of distribution and punishment is as low as possible. (3) combining with the field investigation, taking the barreled drinking water industry as the background, the distribution situation of the water station at the end of Beijing is taken as an example. The application of mobile distribution model and vehicle scheduling model is tested, and the algorithm programming with MATLAB is used to carry out vehicle scheduling and route optimization for random dynamic orders. The results show that the proposed "mobile distribution real-time scheduling" can improve the order response rate and delivery efficiency, reduce the invalid transportation of vehicles, and achieve rapid distribution while reducing the cost of distribution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F252.1
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