本文選題：資助政策 + 美國聯(lián)邦政府��； 參考：《西南大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：研究生教育是國家創(chuàng)新體系建設中重要的因素,研究生資助是整個研究生教育系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,在促進研究生階段的教育公平、鼓勵優(yōu)秀研究生最大限度地發(fā)揮他們的創(chuàng)造潛能、促進研究生教育健康蓬勃發(fā)展等方面有著不可替代的作用。作為世界上研究生教育最為發(fā)達國家之一,美國在半個多世紀的發(fā)展中,逐步建立起了較為完善的研究生資助體系,形成了聯(lián)邦政府推動、科研資助主導的多元化、立體式資助格局。本研究期望通過對美國聯(lián)邦政府的研究生資助政策研究,尋求對構建中國特色研究生資助體系的借鑒參考。 論文以導論開篇,闡明了選題緣由并對論題所討論的核心問題進行了說明。在梳理國內外相關文獻和前期研究成果基礎上,闡述了本研究的理論與現(xiàn)實意義,確立了本論文的研究思路和主要方法。 正文部分分為五章。第一章分析美國聯(lián)邦政府資助研究生的思想根源和現(xiàn)實動因。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),追求公平正義的美國文化,人力資本、成本分擔等理論,是美國聯(lián)邦政府研究生資助政策的思想源泉；提升國家競爭力、應對高校財務危機背景下學費上漲、提高研究生教育質量則是美國聯(lián)邦政府的現(xiàn)實動因。 第二章主要采用歷史研究方法分析美國聯(lián)邦政府研究生資助政策的發(fā)展演變。論文圍繞聯(lián)邦政府在研究生資助方面的一系列重大事件,將美國聯(lián)邦政府研究生資助政策的形成分為早期零散非正規(guī)的資助階段、資助的制度化階段、資助體系逐步成型的階段、“911”和金融危機背景下的調整階段,力求挖掘美國聯(lián)邦政府研究生資助政策的多重影響因素。 第三章分析了聯(lián)邦政府研究生資助政策的重要政策文本。根據(jù)政策的重要程度與現(xiàn)實影響,論文選取了《國防教育法》、《高等教育法》、《重塑科學家與工程師的研究生教育》、《美國競爭法》、《美國復蘇與再投資法案》、《前方的路：美國研究生教育的未來》等對美國研究生資助產生重要影響的政策文本,對這些政策的出臺背景、主要內容和實施成效進行了系統(tǒng)的個案分析。 第四章探討了美國聯(lián)邦政府研究生資助政策的實施現(xiàn)狀。美國在聯(lián)邦資助政策的指導下,研究生資助規(guī)模和力度總體呈上升態(tài)勢；資助形式多樣化；資助來源渠道多機構化；資助學科分布差異化；資助項目層次化；資助管理集成化,已逐步形成了多元、立體、高效的研究生資助體系。 論文第五章總結了美國研究生資助政策的基本經驗：堅持獎勵優(yōu)秀、促進公平的資助導向；建立體系完備、與時俱進的政策法規(guī)；設立類型多樣、覆蓋面廣的資助項目；完善管理規(guī)范、高效有序的運作方式；強調突出重點、體現(xiàn)差別的資金分配；構筑職責明確、保障到位的監(jiān)管機制。結合我國研究生資助制度建設相對落后、資助水平較低、資助結構不合理、資助資金來源單一等問題,提出了相應的改革建議。
[Abstract]:Graduate education is an important factor in the construction of national innovation system. Graduate student support is an important part of the whole graduate education system.Encouraging excellent graduate students to maximize their creative potential and promoting the healthy and vigorous development of graduate education plays an irreplaceable role.As one of the most developed countries in the world for graduate education, the United States has gradually established a relatively perfect graduate aid system in the course of more than half a century of development, and has formed a diversity of research grants led by the federal government.Three-dimensional funding pattern.This study looks forward to the reference to the construction of the graduate student support system with Chinese characteristics through the study of the federal government's graduate aid policy in the United States.The paper begins with an introduction, explains the reason of the topic and explains the core issues discussed in the thesis.On the basis of combing domestic and foreign related literature and previous research results, this paper expounds the theoretical and practical significance of this study, and establishes the research ideas and main methods of this paper.The text is divided into five chapters.The first chapter analyzes the ideological root and realistic motivation of federal government funded graduate students.The study found that the theories of American culture, human capital and cost sharing in pursuit of fairness and justice are the ideological source of the federal government's graduate student funding policy, promote national competitiveness, and cope with the rise in tuition fees in the context of the financial crisis in colleges and universities.Improving the quality of graduate education is the realistic motivation of the United States federal government.The second chapter mainly uses the historical research method to analyze the development and evolution of the federal government graduate aid policy in the United States.Focusing on a series of important events of the federal government in graduate aid, the paper divides the formation of the federal government's graduate aid policy into the early stage of scattered informal funding, and the stage of institutionalization of funding.In the stage of the gradual formation of the aid system and the adjustment stage under the background of "911" and the financial crisis, the author tries to excavate the multiple influencing factors of the federal government's graduate student funding policy.The third chapter analyzes the important policy texts of the federal graduate aid policy.Depending on the importance of the policy and its practical implications,The thesis chooses the National Defense Education Act, the higher Education Act, the Graduate Education for reshaping scientists and Engineers, the United States Competition Law, the recovery and Reinvestment Act of the United States, the way ahead: the Future of American Graduate Education, and so on.Policy texts that have an important impact on graduate student funding in China,The background, main content and implementation effect of these policies are analyzed systematically.Chapter four discusses the actualization of the federal graduate aid policy in the United States.Under the guidance of the federal funding policy, the scale and intensity of graduate student funding in the United States is on the rise; the forms of funding are diversified; the sources of funding are multi-institutional; the distribution of funding disciplines is different; the level of funding projects; the integration of funding management.Has gradually formed a pluralistic, three-dimensional, efficient graduate funding system.The fifth chapter summarizes the basic experience of US graduate aid policy: insisting on rewarding excellence, promoting fair guidance of financial support, establishing policies and regulations with complete system and keeping pace with the times, setting up various types and covering a wide range of funding projects;Improve the management standard, efficient and orderly operation mode; emphasize the key points, reflect the different allocation of funds; build a clear responsibility, ensure the supervision mechanism in place.In view of the problems of relatively backward construction of graduate aid system, low level of subsidy, unreasonable structure of financial support and single source of funding in China, the corresponding reform suggestions are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G643

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 曾文碧;郭時印;;國內外研究生教育經費籌措問題研究現(xiàn)狀分析[J];學理論;2014年09期

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本文編號：1770306