本文關(guān)鍵詞：前臺與后臺：“好學生”違規(guī)行為的實地研究　出處：《南京師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：很多人認為好學生不僅應(yīng)該成績好,而且在人格、品德、素養(yǎng)等方面也應(yīng)出類拔萃。然而,當面對校外統(tǒng)一考試和高考升學的壓力時,他們的目光卻一致聚焦于學生的學習成績(尤其是考試分數(shù))上,進而形成一種“學習好,一切都好；學習差,一切都差”的固定思維。本研究正是在此基礎(chǔ)上,以常人思維中的“好學生”為研究對象,旨在探尋“好學生”在教師和家長視界范圍內(nèi)的前臺上所表現(xiàn)出的循規(guī)行為,以及揭示處于這些人的視界范圍之外的后臺中“好學生”所做出的不為人知的違規(guī)行為。本研究采用質(zhì)的研究方法,通過以訪談為主、觀察和文本分析為輔的方法,展現(xiàn)了“好學生”在前臺與后臺行為表現(xiàn)完全不同的兩個畫面。前臺上,“好學生”學習上,按照教師要求發(fā)言、及時完成作業(yè)、課下勤學好問、服從教師命令；工作中,擔任一定干部職位的“好學生”能夠嚴格履行自身職責,與其他成績優(yōu)異的“同道者”相處和睦；生活中,孝順父母長輩、尊重親友鄰居,遇到問題時總能以平等諒解的方式對待兄弟姐妹和同學,不穿奇裝異服,等等。這些循規(guī)行為贏得教師、家長、鄰居等人的一致稱贊。然而,所謂“成績好,一切都好”的“好學生”在離開教師、家長等人的視線范圍這一前臺之后卻一反常態(tài),做出了許許多多違反學校規(guī)章制度、社會主流價值文化甚至“傷害”他人的違規(guī)行為：課堂上看小說、玩手機、吃零食、睡覺、傳紙條等；課下,出口成“臟”、抽煙、喝酒、打架、“以權(quán)謀私”、借用網(wǎng)絡(luò)俚語“調(diào)戲”和侮辱他人、早戀甚至早孕,等等。導致“好學生”前臺與后臺行為出現(xiàn)反差的原因主要包括外因和內(nèi)因兩個方面。外因包括客觀因素的影響：教育過程的“家長缺位”、學校教育的“重心偏移”、同輩群體的“耳濡目染”和大眾傳媒的“肆意侵襲”；內(nèi)因則緣于個體自身條件的“凸顯”(生理的提前發(fā)育、心理的過早成熟)。這些共同因素的存在,為“好學生”的違規(guī)行為直接或間接地創(chuàng)造了條件。作為家長和教師,需要從“好學生”也會違規(guī)這一事實中得到反思與啟示。家長和教師因為各自的“失職”致使家庭教育和學校教育均出現(xiàn)了“保守”性：除學習成績外,家長較少甚或從未關(guān)注孩子的其他教育問題；學校因過度注重考試分數(shù)而忽視學生其他方面的發(fā)展。此外,人們僅用分數(shù)作為唯一衡量標準的評價定勢現(xiàn)象既緣于思維的僵滯,更緣于現(xiàn)實的無奈。因此,應(yīng)該加強家長與教師的聯(lián)系,避免“單一化”的了解；加強與孩子的溝通,避免“嘮叨化”的教育方式；拓寬知識面的傳授,避免教育“保守”導致的違規(guī)；引導學生學會篩選,避免不良信息的“侵擾”。唯有教師和家長共同努力,才能在一定程度上盡量避免“好學生”違規(guī)行為的產(chǎn)生,也才能使“好學生”在前臺中的循規(guī)行為真正“名副其實”!
[Abstract]:Many people think that good students should not only get good grades, but also excel in personality, morality, accomplishment, etc. However, when faced with the pressure of the unified examination and college entrance examination. Their eyes are focused on students' academic achievement (especially test scores), thus forming a kind of "study well, everything is good;" On the basis of the fixed thinking of poor learning, everything is bad, this study takes "good students" in ordinary people's thinking as the research object. The purpose of this study is to explore the rule-based behavior of "good students" in the foreground of teachers and parents. As well as revealing the "good students" in the background outside the scope of these people to make an unknown violation. This study adopts qualitative research methods, mainly through interviews. The methods of observation and text analysis show two pictures of "good students" showing completely different behavior in front and background. On the front desk, "good students" study, according to the teacher's request to speak, and finish the homework in time. Study hard after class, take orders from the teacher; In the work, the "good students" who hold certain cadre positions can strictly perform their duties and get along with other outstanding "fellow students". In life, filial piety, respect for relatives and friends and neighbors, always treat brothers and sisters and classmates in an equal and understanding manner, do not wear strange clothes, etc. These rule-based behaviors win teachers and parents. Neighbors and others praise. However, the so-called "good grades, everything is good" "good students" after leaving the front line of sight of teachers, parents and others, but not normal. Made a lot of violations of school rules and regulations, social mainstream value culture and even "hurt" others: reading novels in class, playing mobile phones, eating snacks, sleeping, passing notes and so on; After class, exports become "dirty", smoke, drink, fight, "abuse power for personal gain", borrow the network slang "flirt" and insult others, early love and even early pregnancy. And so on. The reasons for the contrast between the front and background behaviors of "good students" mainly include external and internal factors. External factors include the influence of objective factors: the "absence of parents" in the process of education. The "center of gravity" of school education, the peer group "osmosis" and the mass media "wanton invasion"; The internal cause is due to the "salience" of the individual's own condition (the early development of physiology and the premature maturation of psychology.) the existence of these common factors. Create conditions for "good students" violations, directly or indirectly... as parents and teachers. Parents and teachers, due to their own "dereliction of duty", have "conservative" nature in both family education and school education: except for academic achievement. (B) parents pay little or no attention to other educational issues of their children; Schools pay too much attention to test scores and ignore the development of other aspects of students. In addition, people only use scores as the only measure of the evaluation of the stereotype phenomenon is not only due to the stagnation of thinking, more because of the helplessness of reality. The relationship between parents and teachers should be strengthened to avoid "single" understanding; Strengthen communication with children, avoid "nagging" education; Broaden the scope of knowledge teaching, avoid education "conservative" resulting in violations; To guide students to learn to screen, to avoid the "intrusion" of bad information. Only the joint efforts of teachers and parents, can we try to avoid the "good students" illegal behavior to a certain extent. In order to make "good students" in the front desk of the rule-following behavior really "worthy of the name"!
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G459

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本文編號：1429093