本文選題：體育鍛煉 + 目標(biāo)定向��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為祖國(guó)的未來(lái),青少年全面健康成長(zhǎng)與否直接關(guān)系到個(gè)人命運(yùn)乃至國(guó)家前途。青少年參與體育鍛煉的動(dòng)機(jī)程度直接影響他們的體質(zhì)健康,從而影響其全面發(fā)展。近年來(lái),對(duì)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)與身體自尊的相關(guān)研究不斷增多,然而基于理論分析青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)和身體自尊以及各變量之間關(guān)系的研究還并不多見(jiàn)。本文以成就目標(biāo)定向理論為基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)梳理和綜述國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),了解其研究現(xiàn)狀。通過(guò)調(diào)查與分析我國(guó)當(dāng)代小學(xué)生體育鍛煉的目標(biāo)定向、運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)與身體自尊特征的現(xiàn)狀,提出有針對(duì)性的建議。本文研究運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法,以探討建立在理論基礎(chǔ)上的小學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)和身體自尊以及各變量之間的關(guān)系。通過(guò)研究,得出如下結(jié)論：1：對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)和身體自尊在不同性別上的差異進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果表明：男生的運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)強(qiáng)于女生；身體自尊方面,在身體吸引力、運(yùn)動(dòng)技能、力量維度上,男生得分顯著高于女生；在健康、外貌、身體活動(dòng)、柔韌、耐力、協(xié)調(diào)等維度上,女生得分顯著高于男生。2：對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)和身體自尊在不同年級(jí)上的差異進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果顯示：隨著年級(jí)的增長(zhǎng),運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)顯著下降；身體自尊方面,四至五年級(jí)不斷下降,五至六年級(jí)不斷上升,呈“V”字型狀。3：探究了目標(biāo)定向、運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)與身體自尊三者之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示：①目標(biāo)定向可以較好地預(yù)測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)；任務(wù)定向與內(nèi)部動(dòng)機(jī)具有一定的相關(guān)性,任務(wù)定向越高,內(nèi)部動(dòng)機(jī)越強(qiáng)；②運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)與身體自尊存在顯著正相關(guān)；個(gè)體運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)的增強(qiáng)有利于提高身體自尊；③目標(biāo)定向與身體自尊存在顯著正相關(guān),且具有正向預(yù)測(cè)作用；在成就目標(biāo)定向理論中,任務(wù)定向得分越高,其身體自尊也會(huì)越高。4：通過(guò)三者之間的關(guān)系研究,基本反映了二分法下的目標(biāo)定向理論在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)性質(zhì)和機(jī)制作用,表明了不同類型的目標(biāo)定向在運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)與身體自尊中各心理維度存在相關(guān)性。目標(biāo)定向、運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)與身體自尊均具有顯著的正相關(guān),并且各變量之間產(chǎn)生一定的促進(jìn)作用。在研究結(jié)論基礎(chǔ)上,提出如下建議：1：在學(xué)校體育工作中。針對(duì)不同性別的學(xué)生,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注男女生生理結(jié)構(gòu)和認(rèn)知能力的差異。一方面,在運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī)現(xiàn)狀上,重點(diǎn)開(kāi)設(shè)女生喜愛(ài)和擅長(zhǎng)的一些體育課程(體育舞蹈、健美操、瑜伽等)。以此進(jìn)一步激發(fā)他們的運(yùn)動(dòng)興趣,增強(qiáng)他們的意志品質(zhì)和運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)機(jī),從內(nèi)心上真正熱愛(ài)上運(yùn)動(dòng)；另一方面,在身體自尊現(xiàn)狀上,男女生在執(zhí)行體育教學(xué)計(jì)劃的過(guò)程當(dāng)中,男生在個(gè)人外貌、柔韌和耐力方面應(yīng)加以強(qiáng)化。比如通過(guò)長(zhǎng)跑、體操類項(xiàng)目得到鍛煉；女生在運(yùn)動(dòng)技能、力量方面要不斷加強(qiáng),可通過(guò)俯臥撐、打球等。2：不同年級(jí)、年齡的學(xué)生身體自尊存在差異。本文以小學(xué)高年級(jí)(四至六年級(jí))為研究對(duì)象,得出“V”字型結(jié)果。有研究表明,身體自尊隨年齡增長(zhǎng)會(huì)不斷下降。由于各種因素的存在,他們面臨著方方面面的壓力,對(duì)于自身的外在形象格外關(guān)注,必然導(dǎo)致身體自尊的下降。這時(shí)體育教學(xué)指導(dǎo)者應(yīng)進(jìn)行言語(yǔ)鼓勵(lì)和鍛煉指導(dǎo)(比如做一些素質(zhì)拓展訓(xùn)練、班級(jí)集體活動(dòng)展示等),增強(qiáng)他們學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的信心,提高個(gè)人的身體自尊等。3：在體育鍛煉不足和體質(zhì)健康不斷下滑的當(dāng)下,體育研究者應(yīng)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化他們的目標(biāo)定向,尤其在任務(wù)定向方面。即樹(shù)立自我強(qiáng)化意識(shí)。通過(guò)加強(qiáng)目標(biāo)定向,提高他們的能力知覺(jué),培養(yǎng)對(duì)體育活動(dòng)的興趣,切實(shí)促進(jìn)他們參與體育鍛煉的動(dòng)機(jī)并且付諸行動(dòng),提高目標(biāo)定向和身體自尊感,從而在一定程度上使他們?nèi)娼】党砷L(zhǎng)。
[Abstract]:As the future of the motherland, teenagers grow healthily or not is directly related to the personal fate and the future of the nation. The degree of motivation of young people to participate in physical exercise directly affect their physical health, thus affecting its overall development. In recent years, the related research on youth sports motivation and physical self-esteem has increased, however, theoretical analysis on the relationship between adolescents' movement motivation and physical self-esteem and each variable is few. Based on this paper based on the theory of achievement goal orientation, through the review of the related literature at home and abroad, to understand the current research. Through the investigation and analysis of goal orientation of contemporary students sports exercise in our country, present situation of sports motivation and physical self esteem characteristics, propose targeted the suggestions. This study uses the literature method, questionnaire survey method, mathematical statistics method, to explore the establishment of the theory on the basis of small The relationship between students' sports motivation and physical self-esteem and each variable. Through the research, conclusions are as follows: 1: comparison of differences between sport motivation and physical self-esteem in different gender showed that male sports motivation is stronger than girls; physical self-esteem, in body attraction, sports skill, strength of dimensions. The boys scored significantly higher than girls; in health, appearance, physical activity, flexibility, endurance, coordination and other dimensions, girls scored significantly higher than boys:.2 comparison, the difference between sport motivation and physical self-esteem in different grades. The results show that with the growth of grade, sport motivation significantly; physical self-esteem, four to five grade five to continue to decline, the sixth grade rising, a "V" type like.3: To explore the relationship between goal orientation, motivation and self-esteem of the three. The results showed that the target Orientation can be used to predict the movement of task orientation and motivation; internal motivation has certain relevance, the higher task orientation, internal motivation is stronger; there is a significant positive correlation of exercise motivation and physical self-esteem; individual sports motivation is beneficial to improve physical self-esteem; the goal orientation and physical self esteem had a significant positive correlation with positive predictive effect; in the theory of achievement goal orientation, task orientation, the higher the score, the body self-esteem will be higher.4: by studying the relationship between the three, basically reflects the nature and mechanism of sport motivation, goal orientation theory under the dichotomy in sports, that goal orientation in different types of sports motivation and physical self-esteem in the psychological dimension. The correlation between goal orientation, motivation and self-esteem have significant positive correlation between the variables and birth A certain role in promoting. Based on the conclusion of the study, suggestions are as follows: 1: in the school sports work. For students of different gender, male and female students should focus on the physiological structure and cognitive ability differences. On the one hand, the sports motivation status quo, offering some girls love and are good at sports curriculum focus (sports dance aerobics, yoga, etc.). In order to further stimulate their interest in sports, enhance their motivation and exercise willpower, from the heart of true love; on the other hand, in the present situation of physical self-esteem, male and female students in the process of implementation of sports teaching plan, the boys in personal appearance, flexibility and endurance should be to be strengthened. Such as running, gymnastics class project exercise; girls in sports skill, strength to continue to strengthen, through the push ups, playing.2: different grade, age of the student body There are differences in self-esteem. High grade primary school (four to the sixth grade) as the research object, the "V" type results. Studies have shown that physical self-esteem with age growth will continue to decline. Due to various factors, they are faced with the pressure of every aspect, for its external image to focus on, will inevitably lead to a decline in the body self esteem. At that time the physical teaching should guide the words of encouragement and exercise (such as doing some training class activities show, etc.) to enhance their learning motivation confidence, improve individual physical self esteem.3: in the lack of physical exercise and physical health decline now, researchers should further strengthen the goal of sports directed them, especially in the task orientation. Namely establish self strengthening consciousness. Through the strengthening of goal orientation, their perceived ability to improve, cultivate interest in sports activities, We should effectively motivate their participation in physical exercise and put them into action to improve their sense of goal orientation and physical self-esteem, so as to enable them to grow healthily and comprehensively.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G623.8

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