本文選題：小學低年級　切入點：別字　出處：《遼寧師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：別字是小學生的常見病、疑難癥,小學低年級是別字的高發(fā)期,探索有效克服別字的教學方法勢在必行。本文對低年級小學生的別字現(xiàn)象進行了分析,試圖探索有效的教學方法,減少別字的發(fā)生幾率,解決低年級小學生書面用字不規(guī)范問題,提高低年級小學生書面語言表達水平。小學生別字現(xiàn)象頻出是漢字本身特征、學生心理、課堂教學各要素以及社會環(huán)境相互作用的結(jié)果。年齡決定心理特征,低年級小學生知覺精度差,知覺分化水平低;思維水平不高,比較辨識能力尚未形成;注意的穩(wěn)定性差,機械記憶為主;意志品質(zhì)薄弱,自控能力不強。這些心理弱點加上漢字本身繁難,筆畫多,同音字形近字多的特點,極易造成學習困難。大量的不規(guī)范社會用字,帶給小學生的誤導根深蒂固,導致別字頻繁出現(xiàn)在低年級小學生的書面表達中。采用有效的教學方法是克服別字的關(guān)鍵所在。識字教學已經(jīng)探索出一些效率高、趣味性強、效果好的教學方法,但專門針對“別字”的教學方法還有待發(fā)展。識字教學中教師普遍能夠重視教學的趣味性,但文字學理論的缺失導致識字教學達不到預(yù)期效果,別字仍然“屢教不改”。識字教學應(yīng)該引導低年級小學生辨析“正字”與“別字”之間的細微差別,針對別字的類型和產(chǎn)生原因,遵循漢字的演變及構(gòu)造規(guī)律,結(jié)合兒童年齡和心理特點。筆者認為識字教學采用“歸類對比法”、“拆字對比法”、“顏色對比法”、“形象對比法”、“字義對比法”、“語境對比法”,能夠在愉快輕松的氛圍中加強對別字的辨識度,減少別字出現(xiàn)的頻率,鞏固正字的識記效果。在識字教學過程中,還要注重預(yù)習指導,強化近因效應(yīng);巧設(shè)練習,積極防止遺忘;還要樹立大課堂意識,在實踐語境中培養(yǎng)學生務(wù)實求真的好習慣,鞏固識字教學成果。
[Abstract]:It is imperative to explore the teaching methods of overcoming other characters effectively because of the common disease and difficult disease of primary school students and the high incidence of other characters in the lower grade of primary school.This paper analyzes the phenomenon of different characters in the lower grade pupils, and tries to explore effective teaching methods, reduce the occurrence probability of other characters, solve the problem of non-standard written characters of the lower grade pupils, and improve the level of written language expression of the lower grade pupils.The frequent appearance of Chinese characters in primary school students is the result of the interaction of Chinese characters, students' psychology, the elements of classroom teaching and the social environment.Age determines psychological characteristics, the lower grade pupils' perception accuracy is poor, perception differentiation level is low; thinking level is not high, comparative identification ability has not been formed; attention stability is poor, mechanical memory is the main; will quality is weak, self-control ability is not strong.These psychological weaknesses, as well as the complexity of Chinese characters, more strokes and more homonyms, can easily lead to learning difficulties.A large number of non-standard social characters, which bring the primary school students the misleading and deep-rooted, lead to the frequent occurrence of other characters in the lower grade pupils' written expression.The key to overcoming other words is to adopt effective teaching methods.Literacy teaching has explored some teaching methods with high efficiency, strong interest and good effect, but the teaching methods for "other words" need to be developed.In literacy teaching, teachers are generally able to attach importance to the interest of teaching, but the lack of philology theory leads to the failure of literacy teaching to achieve the desired results, and other characters are still "repeated teaching".The teaching of literacy should guide the junior pupils to distinguish and analyze the subtle differences between "positive characters" and "other characters". According to the types and causes of different characters, the evolution and construction of Chinese characters should be followed, and children's age and psychological characteristics should be combined.The author thinks that the teaching of literacy adopts "classification contrast method", "disassembly contrast method", "color contrast method", "image contrast method", "word meaning contrast method", "context contrast method".Can enhance the recognition of other words in a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere, reduce the frequency of the word appearance, and consolidate the effect of memorization.In the process of literacy teaching, we should pay attention to the guidance of preview, strengthen the effect of proximate cause; skillfully set up exercises to actively prevent forgetting; also, we should set up a large classroom consciousness, cultivate students' good habit of pragmatic seeking for truth in practical context, and consolidate the achievements of literacy teaching.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G623.22

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本文編號：1709000