【摘要】：藝術(shù)體操集體項(xiàng)目是我國(guó)的重點(diǎn)突破項(xiàng)目。近年來,隨著各周期國(guó)際藝術(shù)體操評(píng)分規(guī)則的不斷更新,藝術(shù)體操技術(shù)水平的不斷完善,集體項(xiàng)目朝著高競(jìng)技性、創(chuàng)新性以及藝術(shù)性的方向發(fā)展。交換難度作為集體項(xiàng)目重要的組成部分,亦是集體項(xiàng)目區(qū)別于個(gè)人項(xiàng)目的主要技術(shù)特征,在藝術(shù)體操集體項(xiàng)目中扮演著越來越重要的角色。交換難度的編排水平與完成質(zhì)量成為影響比賽最終結(jié)果的重要因素之一。研究立足于FIG國(guó)際藝術(shù)體操評(píng)分規(guī)則,以2016年全國(guó)藝術(shù)體操錦標(biāo)賽和里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)藝術(shù)體操集體全能前八名隊(duì)伍以及中國(guó)隊(duì)為分析對(duì)象,運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、調(diào)查法、視頻分析法和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外藝術(shù)體操集體項(xiàng)目的交換難度進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,尋找我國(guó)與世界優(yōu)秀隊(duì)伍在交換難度價(jià)值、完成質(zhì)量、空間結(jié)構(gòu)、交換形式等方面存在的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足,為促進(jìn)我國(guó)藝術(shù)體操集體項(xiàng)目交換難度和整體水平的進(jìn)一步提升提供一定的理論參考。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)歷屆評(píng)分規(guī)則對(duì)集體項(xiàng)目交換難度的更新主要集中在交換難度數(shù)量、交換形式、交換價(jià)值等方面,交換難度始終是國(guó)際藝術(shù)體操評(píng)分規(guī)則革新的重點(diǎn)。(2)我國(guó)和奧運(yùn)會(huì)前八名隊(duì)伍成套動(dòng)作交換難度的編排價(jià)值處于同一水平;交換難度身體動(dòng)作的選擇主要集中在巴塞姿勢(shì)和后踢腿等;身體動(dòng)作和距離6米在交換難度加分因素中占主導(dǎo);交換難度結(jié)合加分因素類型比較豐富,但從各因素的數(shù)量上看,缺乏均衡性。與奧運(yùn)會(huì)前八名隊(duì)伍相比,我國(guó)6棒2圈成套動(dòng)作交換難度結(jié)合身體動(dòng)作數(shù)量較少,內(nèi)容不夠豐富和新穎。(3)我國(guó)藝術(shù)體操集體項(xiàng)目交換難度完成質(zhì)量與奧運(yùn)會(huì)前八名隊(duì)伍相比,存在一定差距,結(jié)合加分因素能否有效完成是影響有效交換難度分值的主要因素。器械基本技術(shù)的運(yùn)用失誤較多,接器械時(shí)長(zhǎng)距離移動(dòng)搶接致使失分嚴(yán)重是影響我國(guó)交換難度完成質(zhì)量的主要原因。(4)我國(guó)集體隊(duì)伍交換難度身體動(dòng)作空間層次的利用比較均衡,器械空間層次的利用不夠豐富;隊(duì)形數(shù)量及種類較少,流動(dòng)性較弱。(5)我國(guó)藝術(shù)體操集體項(xiàng)目交換難度的形式,在時(shí)間要素和參與人數(shù)要素上的運(yùn)用較為豐富,但與奧運(yùn)會(huì)前八名隊(duì)伍相比,靜態(tài)交換較多。
[Abstract]:Rhythmic gymnastics group event is the key breakthrough project in our country. In recent years, with the continuous updating of international rhythmic gymnastics scoring rules and the continuous improvement of rhythmic gymnastics technical level, collective events are developing in the direction of high competition, innovation and artistry. As an important part of collective events, exchange difficulty is also the main technical feature of collective events, which is different from individual events, and plays a more and more important role in rhythmic gymnastics collective events. The arrangement level and completion quality of exchange difficulty become one of the important factors that affect the final result of the competition. The research is based on the FIG International rhythmic Gymnastics scoring rules, taking the top eight teams and the Chinese team of rhythmic Gymnastics in 2016 National rhythmic Gymnastics Championship and Rio Olympic Games as the object of analysis, using the method of literature and investigation. Video analysis method and mathematical statistics method, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the exchange difficulty of rhythmic gymnastics collective events at home and abroad, and looks for the exchange difficulty value, completion quality and spatial structure between the excellent teams in China and the world. The advantages and disadvantages of exchange form provide some theoretical reference for promoting the difficulty and overall level of rhythmic gymnastics group event exchange in our country. The results show that: (1) the updating of collective project exchange difficulty by previous scoring rules mainly focuses on the number of exchange difficulty, exchange form, exchange value and so on. The difficulty of exchange has always been the focus of the innovation of the scoring rules of international rhythmic gymnastics. (2) the arrangement value of the difficulty of the exchange of complete sets of movements between China and the top eight teams of the Olympic Games is at the same level; The choice of exchange difficulty body movement mainly focuses on Basse posture and rear kick, and the body movement and distance 6 meters are dominant in the exchange difficulty score factor. The types of exchange difficulty combined with bonus factors are rich, but in terms of the number of factors, there is a lack of balance. Compared with the top eight teams of the Olympic Games, the number of 6-stick and 2-lap movement exchange difficulties combined with the number of body movements in China is less. The content is not rich and novel. (3) compared with the top eight teams in the Olympic Games, there is a certain gap in the quality of the exchange of rhythmic gymnastics collective events in China. Whether the bonus factor can be completed effectively is the main factor that affects the effective exchange difficulty score. There are many mistakes in the application of the basic technology of the instruments. The serious loss of points caused by the long distance moving and preempting of the equipment is the main reason that affects the quality of the exchange difficulty in our country. (4) the utilization of the space level of the body movement of the exchange difficulty of the collective team in our country is more balanced. The utilization of instrument space level is not rich enough; The number and type of formation are small and the mobility is weak. (5) the form of exchange difficulty of rhythmic gymnastics group events in China is rich in terms of time elements and participants, but compared with the top eight teams in the Olympic Games, There are more static exchanges.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G834

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