【摘要】：足球,有“世界第一運(yùn)動(dòng)”的美譽(yù),是全球體育界最具影響力的單項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。女子足球也一直在蓬勃發(fā)展中。山東省U-18女足也是這樣一直逐步發(fā)展的青年足球隊(duì),是中國U-18女足的后備力量。但是,由于足球運(yùn)動(dòng)的特殊性,運(yùn)動(dòng)員往往需要進(jìn)行急停跳躍、起跳落地、突然變向轉(zhuǎn)身及側(cè)切等動(dòng)作。然而這些動(dòng)作在訓(xùn)練、比賽過程中很容易造成膝關(guān)節(jié)前十字韌帶(ACL)的損傷。研究證明女足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員相比于男足運(yùn)動(dòng)員,在生理特征、肌肉力量等諸多內(nèi)部外部因素的影響下,其ACL的損傷發(fā)生率要比男性足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員高很多。正因?yàn)槿绱?以山東省U-18女足為研究實(shí)踐對(duì)象,實(shí)地了解女足隊(duì)員的ACL損傷情況后,針對(duì)女足隊(duì)員的實(shí)際情況,制訂了一套針對(duì)山東U-18女足運(yùn)動(dòng)員的ACL損傷預(yù)防體能訓(xùn)練方案。按照減少運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷第一,提高運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)第二的體能訓(xùn)練原則,將進(jìn)階式的技術(shù)訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容作為準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)的一部分來改善了運(yùn)動(dòng)員的落地、側(cè)切技術(shù)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作模式,并科學(xué)的將技術(shù)訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容進(jìn)階到神經(jīng)肌肉的訓(xùn)練環(huán)節(jié),即有效避免了因訓(xùn)練所帶來的損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)又增強(qiáng)了山東U-18女足運(yùn)動(dòng)員的下肢神經(jīng)肌肉控制能力,在球隊(duì)力量訓(xùn)練中設(shè)計(jì)了針對(duì)女足運(yùn)動(dòng)員乆繩肌肌力的輔助性的力量訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容,來增強(qiáng)對(duì)前十字交叉韌帶具有代償功能的乆繩肌肌肉力量。最后在球隊(duì)訓(xùn)練及比賽后的整理放松環(huán)節(jié)加入針對(duì)我們的輔助訓(xùn)練方案中的主要發(fā)力肌群臀肌、乆繩肌、內(nèi)收肌以及髖部等肌肉的拉伸放松。經(jīng)過對(duì)本套預(yù)防山東省U-18女足運(yùn)動(dòng)員前十字交叉韌帶損傷訓(xùn)練方案為其一年的運(yùn)用,采用本套體能訓(xùn)練方案的28名山東U-18女足隊(duì)員在本賽季的訓(xùn)練比賽中落地、側(cè)切技術(shù)動(dòng)作明顯改善,并且通過數(shù)據(jù)證明隊(duì)員們的本賽季訓(xùn)練后乆繩肌肌力有了顯著增強(qiáng)。截止到筆者離隊(duì),球隊(duì)本賽季ACL損傷率相比前幾個(gè)賽季的損傷率有明顯降低,證明本套預(yù)防ACL損傷的體能訓(xùn)練方案的有效性。最后對(duì)本套訓(xùn)練方案的進(jìn)行了總結(jié),對(duì)不足之處提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。
[Abstract]:Football, the world's first sport, is one of the most influential individual sports in the world. Women's football has also been booming. Shandong U-18 women's football team is also a young football team which has been developing step by step, and is the reserve force of China's U-18 women's football team. However, due to the particularity of football, athletes often need to jump, take off and land, suddenly turn around and cut sideways. However, during training and competition, these movements can easily cause (ACL) injury to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. It is proved that the incidence of ACL injury of female footballers is much higher than that of male footballers under the influence of many internal and external factors, such as physiological characteristics, muscle strength and so on. Because of this, taking Shandong U-18 women's soccer team as the research practice object, after knowing the ACL injury situation of the female soccer team members on the spot, aiming at the actual situation of the female soccer team member, A set of ACL injury prevention physical training program for Shandong U-18 female soccer players was developed. According to the physical training principle of reducing sports injury first and improving sports performance second, the advanced technical training content is taken as part of the preparatory activities to improve the movement mode of landing and side cutting of athletes. And scientifically advanced the content of technical training to the neuromuscular training link, that is, effectively avoiding the injury risk caused by training and enhancing the lower extremity neuromuscular control ability of Shandong U-18 female soccer players. In the team strength training, we designed the supplementary strength training content for the female soccer players who have the strength of rope muscle to strengthen the muscle strength of the rope muscle that has compensatory function to the anterior cruciate ligament. Finally, in the team training and the finishing and relaxation after the match, we add the main generating force muscle group gluteus muscle, the body rope muscle, adductor muscle and hip muscle to stretch and relax in our auxiliary training program. After the application of this set of training programs to prevent the anterior cruciate ligament injury of Shandong U-18 women soccer players for one year, 28 Shandong U-18 women football players who adopted this set of physical fitness training schemes fell to the ground in the training competition this season. The side-cut technique improved obviously, and the data proved that the players' strength of rope muscle increased significantly after training this season. By the end of my departure, the ACL injury rate of this season is obviously lower than that of previous seasons, which proves the effectiveness of the physical fitness training scheme to prevent ACL injury. Finally, the training program is summarized and some suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G843

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